scholarly journals The impact of cohort substance use upon likelihood of transitioning through stages of alcohol and cannabis use and use disorder: Findings from the Australian National Survey on Mental Health and Wellbeing

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Degenhardt ◽  
Meyer Glantz ◽  
Chrianna Bharat ◽  
Amy Peacock ◽  
Luise Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders in the Australian General Population: Findings of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. McEvoy ◽  
Rachel Grove ◽  
Tim Slade
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Objective: The aims of this study were to report 12-month and lifetime prevalence for anxiety disorders in the Australian general population, identify sociodemographic and clinical correlates of anxiety disorders, and report the rates of comorbidity among anxiety, affective, and substance use disorders across the lifespan. Method: The 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing was a nationally representative, face-to-face household survey of 8841 (60% response rate) community residents aged between 16 and 85 years. Diagnoses for anxiety, affective and substance use disorders were made according to the DSM-IV using the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: 12-month and lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders were 11.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Anxiety disorders had a similar median age of onset (19 years) compared to substance use disorders (20 years), but earlier than affective disorders (34 years). Social phobia was the earliest onset anxiety disorder (median 13 years), with generalized anxiety disorder the latest (median 33 years). Significant correlates of the presence of anxiety disorders included being female, single, not in the labour force, in the middle age groups, not having post-graduate qualifications, having a comorbid physical condition, and having a family history of mental disorders. Being in the oldest age ranges and being born in another non-English speaking country were associated with lower odds of having an anxiety disorder. Body mass index was not associated with the presence of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders were highly comorbid, particularly with major depression, dysthymia, and alcohol dependence. Comorbidity with substance use disorders reduced with age. Comorbidity with affective disorders was high across the lifespan. Conclusions: Anxiety disorders are common, can have an early onset, and are highly comorbid. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of anxiety disorders should be a priority.

Characterising Psychosis in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing Study on Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rosenman ◽  
Ailsa Korten ◽  
Jo Medway ◽  
Mandy Evans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
National Study ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Prevalence

Objective: This study examines the factorial structure of symptoms and signs in psychosis in data from the Study on Low Prevalence (psychotic) Disorders which is part of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Australia 1997–1998. Method: The present study examined a wide variety of symptoms taken from the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry items and the substance use items in the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis, an instrument specially constructed for the national study. The instrument was applied to 980 community and hospital subjects with a wide range of psychotic illness diagnoses. The data were factor analysed and scales of ‘domains of psychopathology’ derived. Results: The data were best fitted by five principal factors (‘domains’) which can be approximately labelled dysphoria, positive symptoms, substance use, mania and negative symptoms/incoherence. These factors together explained 55.4% of variance in symptoms. Solutions with more numerous factors did not improve the representation. Conclusion: The five domains successfully characterise a large part of the variance in psychopathology found in the present study of low prevalence (psychotic) disorders. The approach allows sufferer's symptom range and severity to be well expressed without multiple comorbid diagnoses or the limits imposed by categorical diagnosis. Knowledge of alternative dimensional representations of psychopathology may usefully complement our use of categories, enhance awareness of symptoms and ensure that important psychopathology is heeded in practice and research.

Improvement in psychological wellbeing among adolescents with a substance use disorder attending an outpatient treatment programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
N.M. Gamage ◽  
C. Darker ◽  
B.P. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) exhibit high rates of comorbid psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of an outpatient substance use treatment programme upon the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. Methods: A prospective study was carried out examining psychological symptoms in a group of adolescents attending the Youth Drug and Alcohol (YoDA) Addiction Service in Dublin. Participants were treated with evidenced based psychological models such as cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing and systemic family therapy. The Becks Youth Inventory was utilised to assess psychological symptoms at treatment entry and repeated three months later at follow up. Results: Among 36 adolescents who were included in this study, poly-substance misuse was the norm. Almost three-quarter had a cannabis use disorder (CUD). There were significant reductions in mean subscale scores of depression (56.0 to 50.8, p = 0.003), anger (55.2 to 49.5, p < 0.001) and disruptive behaviour (61.6 to 56.5, p = 0.002) at follow up. Although there wasn’t a statistically significant reduction in mean scores for anxiety, we observed a significant proportion of participants (p = 0.008) improving and moving out of a moderate to severe symptom range when examined by category. This was also the case for self-concept (p = 0.04). Furthermore this study revealed a positive correlation between the reduction in days of cannabis use and reduction in depressive scores (Pearson correlation 0.49, p = 0.01) among those with a CUD. Conclusion: The findings indicate that substance use treatment for adolescents is associated with important psychological and behavioural improvements.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Cannabis Use During the Reproductive Cycle: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Women in States With Recreational and Medical Cannabis Legalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Loralyn Taylor ◽  
Janice F. Bell ◽  
Susan L. Adams ◽  
Christiana Drake
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Provider Education ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adequacy Of Prenatal Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Passage of cannabis laws may impact cannabis use and the use of other substances. The suggested association is of particular concern in pregnant women where exposure to substances can cause harm to both the pregnant woman and fetus. The present study contributes to the minimal literature on factors associated with cannabis use during the preconception, prenatal, and postpartum periods including state legalization status, concurrent use of tobacco and e-cigarettes and adequacy of prenatal care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using combined survey data from the 2016–2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) collected from 36,391 women. Logistic regression was used to estimate the impact of state-legalization, adequacy of prenatal care, and other substance use on cannabis use during the preconception, prenatal, and post-partum periods. Results In the preconception model, residence in a recreationally legal state (OR: 2.37; 95% CI, 2.04–2.75) or medically legal state (OR:3.32; 95% CI, 2.90–3.80) compared to a non-legal state was associated with higher odds of cannabis use. In the prenatal model, residence in a recreationally legal state was associated with higher odds of cannabis use (OR: 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29–1.79) whereas there was no association with residence in a medically legal state. Tobacco use including e-cigarettes and moderate prenatal alcohol use were also significantly associated with cannabis use. Conclusion Recreational cannabis legalization is associated with the use of cannabis prior to, during, and after pregnancy. Renewed clinical and policy efforts may be warranted to update prenatal substance use prevention programs, educational campaigns, and provider education as cannabis legalization evolves.

Health, happiness and your future: using a “men’s group” format to work with homeless men in London

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-418
Author(s):  
Kate Thompson ◽  
Pippa Brown ◽  
Stephanie Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe an intervention with a group of homeless men from the Horn of Africa, service users of the Horn of Africa Health and Wellbeing Project in London. The group was conceived by the second author who noted the presence of significant psychosocial issues for her clients, but equally their reluctance to access mainstream mental health or social care services. Design/methodology/approach Designing the group and introducing it to the men involved threw up some challenges which are explored, and the impact of the group on participants is evaluated. Findings Overall both the participants and the facilitators evaluated the group positively and it appeared to have led to lasting change for some of the group members, and this is described. The authors argue that this sort of group may be a more acceptable way to work on psychosocial issues than something more directly focused on mental health intervention. The group protocol is outlined along with suggestions for future work in this area. Originality/value This intervention represents a creative alternative to more mainstream psychological interventions for homeless or exiled men.

Improving lives not just saying no to substances: Evaluating outcomes for a young people’s substance use team trained in the AMBIT approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-504
Author(s):  
Peter Fuggle ◽  
Laura Talbot ◽  
James Wheeler ◽  
Jessica Rees ◽  
Emily Ventre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Integrative Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Adaptive Mentalization Based Integrative Therapy (AMBIT) is a systemic, mentalization based intervention designed for young people with multiple problems including mental health problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of this approach both on clinical and functional outcomes for young people seen by a specialist young people’s substance use service between 2015 and 2018. About 499 cases were seen by the service during this period. Substance use outcomes were obtained for 383 cases using the Treatment Outcome Profile (TOP). Cannabis and alcohol use were the key substance use problems for 81% and 63% respectively. Functional outcomes using the AMBIT Integrative Measure (AIM) were obtained for 100 cases covering domains of daily living, socio-economic context, peer relationships and mental health. At treatment end, cannabis use reduced significantly ( t = 10.78; df = 311; p = .00; Cohen’s d ES.61 as did alcohol use ( t = 6.938; df = 242; p = .000; ES 0.44). Functional improvements were shown in five out of seven domains with highly significant total functional improvements on key problems selected by the client ( t = 14.01; df = 99; p = .000; ES1.34). Measuring functional as well as clinical outcomes appears to reflect more accurately the overall benefit of the service to clients.

scholarly journals The impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, and physical health among adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Group Counselling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for online mental health services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group online interventions that support population-based mental health, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this rapid systematic review is to summarize the evidence for online group counselling programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of online group counselling programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods and Design: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of online group counselling programs on substance use, mental health, or physical health among community dwelling adults will be searched in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The review will be structured using PRISMA guidelines. Studies will be synthesized using the Cochrane Handbook and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. Quality will be evaluated using GRADE. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool; with higher quality studies prioritized when drawing conclusions. The role of sex and gender will be considered as well as possible gender biases at all stages of the review.Discussion: This review will examine the effectiveness of online counselling programs that can be delivered to populations in a group format, and thus in a potentially cost-effective way. Findings will inform the decisions of governments, communities, and health care organizations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

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