scholarly journals Factors associated with use of immunohistochemical markers in the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 896-902
Author(s):  
Caitlin J. May ◽  
Michael W. Piepkorn ◽  
Stevan R. Knezevich ◽  
David E. Elder ◽  
Raymond L. Barnhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions

Melanin Bleaching with Warm Hydrogen Peroxide and Integrated Immunohistochemical Analysis: An Automated Platform 

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsing Liu ◽  
Chih-Hung Lin ◽  
Min-Jan Tsai ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Sheau-Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Automated Platform ◽  
Melanoma Tissue

Diagnosing melanocytic lesions is among the most challenging problems in the practice of pathology. The difficulty of physically masking melanin pigment and the similarity of its color to commonly used chromogens often complicate examination of the cytomorphology and immunohistochemical staining results for tumor cells. Melanin bleach can be very helpful for histopathological diagnosis of heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions. Although various depigmentation methods have been reported, no standardized methods have been developed. This study developed a fully automated platform that incorporates hydrogen peroxide-based melanin depigmentation in an automated immunohistochemical analysis. The utility of the method was tested in one cell block of malignant melanoma cells in pleural effusion, ten ocular melanoma tissue samples, and ten cutaneous melanoma tissue samples. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method, which can be performed in only 3 hours, effectively preserves cell cytomorphology and immunoreactivity. The method is particularly effective for removing melanin pigment to facilitate histopathological examination of cytomorphology and for obtaining an unmasked tissue section for immunohistochemical analysis.

Expert review remains important in the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic lesions

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C R F Van Dijk ◽  
K K H Aben ◽  
F Van Hees ◽  
A Klaasen ◽  
W A M Blokx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori genotypes, salt intake, and sociodemographic factors associated with premalignant gastric lesions in a Colombian population. A case control study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeison Harvey Carlosama ◽  
Claudia Patricia Acosta Astaiza ◽  
Carlos Hernan Sierra Torres ◽  
Harold Bolaños Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract IntroductionGenetic variability of Helicobacter pylori is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases; however, little is known about its interaction with sociodemographic and dietary factors in the development of premalignant lesions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association among Helicobacter genotypes, salt intake, and sociodemographic factors associated with precursor lesions of the stomachMaterials and MethodsAn analytical study was conducted including cases (patients with gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric dysplasia) and controls (patients with nonatrophic gastritis). Sociodemographic information and information about salt intake were obtained using a questionnaire. Histopathological diagnosis was performed according to the Sydney System. The cagA and vacA genotypes were established using polymerase chain reaction in paraffin blocks. ANOVA was used for analyzing quantitative variables. Categorical variables are presented as proportions and absolute frequencies. The effect of each variable on the study outcome (premalignant lesion) is presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe vacA/s1m1 genotype increases the risk of developing precursor lesions of the stomach (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.45–10.07, p = 0.007). Age and salt intake showed a positive interaction with the s1m1 genotype (adjusted OR: 5.19, 95% CI: 1.88–14.32, p = 0.001) and with bacterial coinfection (adjusted OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.06–9.59, p = 0.038). The cagA genotype was not correlated to the development of premalignant lesions of the stomach (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.80–1.82, p = 0.361).ConclusionsThe vacA genotype, age, and salt intake are indicators of the risk of developing premalignant lesions of the stomach in the study population.

scholarly journals Pitfalls and Caveats in Applying Immunostaining to Histopathological Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Target Therapy ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Histochemical Technique ◽  
Molecular Target Therapy ◽  
Trouble Shooting ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

Immunostaining is an essential histochemical technique for analyzing pathogenesis and making a histopathological diagnosis. The needs are prompted by technical development and refinement, commercial availability of a variety of antibodies, deepened knowledge of immunohistochemical markers, accelerated analysis of morphofunctional correlations, progress in molecular target therapy, and the expectation of advanced histopathological diagnosis. However, immunostaining does have various pitfalls and caveats. We should learn from mistakes and failures, as well as from false positivity and false negativity. The present review article describes various devices, technical hints and trouble-shooting guides to keep in mind in performing immunostaining.

Melanin Bleaching With Warm Hydrogen Peroxide and Integrated Immunohistochemical Analysis: An Automated Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsing Liu ◽  
Chih-Hung Lin ◽  
Min-Jan Tsai ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Sheau-Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Melanin Pigment ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Automated Platform ◽  
Melanoma Tissue

Objective. Diagnosing melanocytic lesions is among the most challenging problems in the practice of pathology. The difficulty of physically masking melanin pigment and the similarity of its color to commonly used chromogens often complicate examination of the cytomorphology and immunohistochemical staining results for tumor cells. Melanin bleach can be very helpful for histopathological diagnosis of heavily pigmented melanocytic lesions. Although various depigmentation methods have been reported, no standardized methods have been developed. This study developed a fully automated platform that incorporates hydrogen peroxide–based melanin depigmentation in an automated immunohistochemical analysis. Methods and Materials. The utility of the method was tested in 1 cell block of malignant melanoma cells in pleural effusion, 10 ocular melanoma tissue samples, and 10 cutaneous melanoma tissue samples. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method, which can be performed in only 3 hours, effectively preserves cell cytomorphology and immunoreactivity. Results. The method is particularly effective for removing melanin pigment to facilitate histopathological examination of cytomorphology and for obtaining an unmasked tissue section for immunohistochemical analysis.

scholarly journals Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Palate: Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Yadira V. Boza Oreamuno DDS, MSc
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
Basaloid Squamous

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, the palate being a very rare site of development. It is constituted by a basaloid and a squamous components in variable proportions, however, the histopathological characteristics of the BSCC overlap with other neoplasias. Diagnosis with various immunohistochemical markers such as p63, Ki67, p16, and AE1 / AE3 cytokeratins have become a necessity for the specialist. The objective of this study is to present a case of BSCC in soft palate and to show the importance of the support in the immunohistochemistry for an early histopathological diagnosis. A review of the literature on this pathology is also presented.

scholarly journals Variability in the Histopathological Diagnosis of Nonmelanocytic Lesions Excised to Exclude Melanoma

2021 ◽  
pp. e2021094
Author(s):  
Ian Katz ◽  
Tony Azzi ◽  
Alister Lilleyman ◽  
Blake O'Brien ◽  
Brian Schapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Seborrheic Keratosis ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Solar Lentigo ◽  
Cancer Clinic ◽  
Gold Standards

Introduction. The differential diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma include a variety of benign and malignant melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions. Objectives. We examined the variability between pathologists in diagnosing non-melanocytic lesions. Methods.  As part of a larger study prospectively examining the diagnosis of lesions excised to exclude melanoma in 198 patients at a primary care skin cancer clinic in Newcastle, Australia, we compared diagnosis made by 5 experienced dermatopathologists, of 44 non-melanocytic lesions in 44 patients aged 22-90. Results. Forty-four lesions (out of 217 in total) were non-melanocytic. Among the 5 pathologists who examined each case there was marked variability in the terminology used to diagnose each case. The most common variability was found between seborrheic keratosis, large cell acanthoma, solar lentigo, and lichenoid keratosis. The diagnosis made by the majority of the pathologists was deemed to be the reference diagnosis.  Versus majority diagnosis, 4% of benign lesions were considered malignant, and 7% of malignant diagnoses were considered as benign. Conclusions. The different terminology adopted and lack of consensus in the diagnosis of these non-melanocytic lesions in this setting suggests that training AI systems using gold standards may be problematic.  We propose a new management classification scheme called MOLEM (Management of Lesions Excised to exclude Melanoma) which expands the previously described MPATH-dx to include non-melanocytic lesions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with survival in dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: 94 cases (2007–2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
James Moyer ◽  
Daniel J. Lopez ◽  
Cheryl E. Balkman ◽  
Julia P. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Logistical Regression ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer in dogs. Despite this, relatively few reports of this disease exist pertaining to prognostic factors and outcome. Aim: To evaluate factors associated with survival in dogs with all subtypes of HCC diagnosed on histopathology. Methods: A retrospective single institutional study was carried out on 94 client-owned dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of HCC between 2007 and 2018 obtained by biopsy (21/94) or attempted definitive resection (73/94). Signalment, preoperative features, surgical findings, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Associations between survival to discharge data were collected and univariable logistical regression was carried out. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was carried out to identify negative risk factors for long-term prognosis. Results: The median survival time (MST) for all patients was 707 days (95% CI = 551–842). MST was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between patients who had suspected versus incidentally diagnosed HCC (695 vs. 775 days), between complete versus incomplete surgical margins (668 vs. 834 days), or between patients with massive subtype versus nodular/diffuse subtype (707 vs. 747 days). Logistical regression identified an association with the excision of the right medial lobe and risk of perioperative death (OR = 9.2, CI 1.5–55.9, p = 0.016). An American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥4, disease present within the quadrate lobe, and elevated blood urea nitrogen, potassium or gamma-glutamyltransferase were identified as negative prognosticators during multivariable Cox regression. Preoperative imaging (ultrasound or CT) agreed with the surgical location in 91% of the cases. Preoperative cytology was consistent with a diagnosis of HCC in 15/32 (46.9%) cases. Conclusion: Type of diagnosis (incidental vs presumed), completeness of excision, and subtype were not associated with MST in this study. Preoperative identification of tumors within the central division may be related to a less favorable outcome. Results of preoperative cytology were not highly sensitive for identifying a malignancy.

scholarly journals Metastasis in central nervous system: Clinicopathological study with review of literature in a tertiary care center in South India

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Rashmi Patnayak ◽  
Amitabh Jena ◽  
Bodagala Vijaylaxmi ◽  
Amancharla Y. Lakshmi ◽  
BCM Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers

Abstract Background: Secondary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are common in Western countries, but in Indian literature, scant data are available. With the advent of newer imaging techniques, the confirmatory histopathological diagnosis has become comparatively easier. Hereby, we have analyzed our data from a single tertiary care center in south India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study from January 2000 to December 2010, histopathologically diagnosed secondary CNS tumors were reviewed along with clinical, imaging, and relevant immunohistochemical findings. Meningeal, lymphoproliferative, and myeloproliferative tumors and autopsy data were not included in the study group. Results: There were 40 secondary CNS tumors. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Age range was wide (28-75 years). Majority of cases were seen in the fourth and fifth decade. Imaging-wise, (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) majority were single lesions (n = 34, 85%). Most commonly, these single lesions were present in the cerebral hemisphere (n = 20, 50%) followed by cerebellum (n = 10, 25%). Adenocarcinoma accounted for maximum number of cases (n = 25, 62.5%) with lungs being the most common primary. Conclusion: We have noted 25% metastatic adenocarcinomas in cerebellar location, which is higher when compared with available world literature. However, we also encountered a good number of cases (30%) due to unknown primary. Though histopathological examination with use of immunohistochemical markers can reliably distinguish primary from secondary CNS tumors in addition to available clinical and imaging data, particularly in developing countries, still a better work-up with an array of immunohistochemical markers and newer imaging modalities is desirable.

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