scholarly journals Particle size affects pharmacokinetics of milled oxycodone hydrochloride tablet products following nasal insufflation in nondependent, recreational opioid users

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Raofi ◽  
Minori Kinjo ◽  
Dajun Sun ◽  
Zhichuan Li ◽  
Heather Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oxycodone Hydrochloride ◽  
Opioid Users

Intranasal abuse potential of an abuse-deterrent oxycodone formulation compared to oxycodone immediate release and placebo in nondependent, recreational opioid users

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Setnik, PhD ◽  
Kerri Schoedel, PhD ◽  
Cindy Bartlett, MMath ◽  
Chris Dick, MS, MBA ◽  
Nasrat Hakim, MS, LLM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effects ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nasal Irritation ◽  
Pupil Constriction ◽  
Oxycodone Hydrochloride ◽  
Opioid Users ◽  
Drug Liking

Objective: To assess the intranasal (IN) human abuse potential of ELI-200, a novel immediate-release (IR) oxycodone formulation containing sequestered naltrexone.Design: Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active and placebo-controlled, five-way crossover study. Pharmacodynamics, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) were evaluated for up to 36 hours postdose.Setting: Single site in Canada (INC Research Toronto).Participants: Healthy male and female nondependent recreational opioid users underwent a naloxone challenge and drug discrimination qualification test.Intervention: Single IN dose of ground ELI-200 (30-mg oxycodone hydrochloride [HCl]/3-mg naltrexone HCl), crushed 30-mg oxycodone HCl IR (Roxicodone ®), placebo, fixed placebo, and single oral dose of intact ELI-200 (30 mg/3 mg).Main Outcome Measure: Peak effect (E max) for bipolar Drug Liking (0-100 point visual analog scale).Results: Of the 44 randomized subjects, 37 completed all five treatment periods. All active treatments showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) median Drug Liking E max relative to placebo. Significant reductions (p < 0.001) in median Drug Liking [E max ] were observed for IN ELI-200 [56.0] compared to IN oxycodone IR [100.0]. Secondary positive or objective measures (High, Good Drug Effects, Overall Drug Liking, Take Drug Again, and maximum pupil constriction) showed significantly lower E max for IN ELI-200 (p < 0.001) compared to IN oxycodone IR.Conclusions: IN administration of ELI-200 demonstrated significantly decreased effects on subjective and physiologic measures, and greater nasal irritation, compared to IN oxycodone IR. These findings, along with the PK profile of naltrexone, demonstrated that when ELI-200 capsules were ground and administered intranasally, the naltrexone component was rapidly released and conferred meaningful abuse-deterrent properties.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Analytical Electron Microscopy study of two vehicle-aged automotive exhaust catalysts having dissimilar activities

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Sooho Kim ◽  
M. J. D’Aniello
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Automotive Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Catalysts ◽  
Analytical Electron

Automotive catalysts generally lose-agtivity during vehicle operation due to several well-known deactivation mechanisms. To gain a more fundamental understanding of catalyst deactivation, the microscopic details of fresh and vehicle-aged commercial pelleted automotive exhaust catalysts containing Pt, Pd and Rh were studied by employing Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM). Two different vehicle-aged samples containing similar poison levels but having different catalytic activities (denoted better and poorer) were selected for this study.The general microstructure of the supports and the noble metal particles of the two catalysts looks similar; the noble metal particles were generally found to be spherical and often faceted. However, the average noble metal particle size on the poorer catalyst (21 nm) was larger than that on the better catalyst (16 nm). These sizes represent a significant increase over that found on the fresh catalyst (8 nm). The activity of these catalysts decreases as the observed particle size increases.

Effect of particle size on erosion measurements and predictions in annular flow for an elbow

Wear ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 203579
Author(s):  
G. Haider ◽  
M. Othayq ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
R.E. Vieira ◽  
S.A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

Hypogonadism Seen in Long-Acting Opioid Users

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Long Acting ◽  
Opioid Users
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