scholarly journals The COVID‐19 crisis as an opportunity to strengthen global regulatory coordination for sustained enhanced access to diagnostics and therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttara Soumyanarayanan ◽  
Mimi Choong ◽  
James Leong ◽  
Murray M. Lumpkin ◽  
Guido Rasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Coordination

scholarly journals The drivers of regulatory networking: policy learning between homophily and convergence

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca P. Vantaggiato
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Exponential Random Graph Model ◽  
Random Graph Model ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Regular Network ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on transnational regulatory networks identified interdependence as their main rationale, downplaying domestic factors. Typically, relevant contributions use the word “network” only metaphorically. Yet, informal ties between regulators constitute networked structures of collaboration, which can be measured and explained. Regulators choose their frequent, regular network partners. What explains those choices? This article develops an Exponential Random Graph Model of the network of European national energy regulators to identify the drivers of informal regulatory networking. The results show that regulators tend to network with peers who regulate similarly organised market structures. Geography and European policy frameworks also play a role. Overall, the British regulator is significantly more active and influential than its peers, and a divide emerges between regulators from EU-15 and others. Therefore, formal frameworks of cooperation (i.e. a European Agency) were probably necessary to foster regulatory coordination across the EU.

Decrypting the Signs of Regulatory Competition in Regulating Cryptoassets

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-334
Author(s):  
Iris H-Y Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Founding Member ◽  
Regulatory Coordination

Abstract The icos market has challenged financial regulators in terms of determining fit with existing regimes and consideration for regulatory reform. Regulatory divergences have emerged in a number of jurisdictions and we discuss three dominant approaches in relation to hegemonic, self-regulatory and enabling regimes. These reflect different assumptions and regulators’ understandings of the cryptoasset industry, and we argue that the ‘terms for competition’ in relation to supply and demand side needs are still being discovered and are incomplete. This provides a unique opportunity for regulators to jettison familiar assumptions in relation to corporatized securities issuers or institutional investors in order to discover what governance needs are truly at stake. This may pose challenges for coherence with existing regulation but coherence should not itself be an obstacle for learning and potentially, reform. We also argue that signs of international regulatory coordination in relation to the Libra project are not necessarily reflective of a wider trend for the cryptoasset industry. This is because regulators can apply existing and familiar financial regulation paradigms more easily to the Libra Association, in particular its leading founding member Facebook. The cryptoasset market is still likely to give rise to diversity and should facilitate the discovery of new bases for regulatory thinking and policy, uncoordinated or otherwise.

1. Banks in the Financial System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Cranston ◽  
Emilios Avgouleas ◽  
Kristin van Zweiten ◽  
Theodor van Sante ◽  
Christoper Hare
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Bank Supervision ◽  
System P ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explains the economic functions and organizational structure of contemporary banking. It first discusses the role of banks in the economy, offering a brief account of the role of the financial system in capital allocation and risk management as well as key bank functions in this respect. It then details the rise and fall of the multifunctional bank in the era of globalization, and the different aspects of the too-big-to-fail bank problem and its possible causes. It explains the international nature of bank regulation and the standard-setting and regulatory coordination provided by key transnational regulatory networks such as the Basel committee on Bank Supervision and the Financial Stability Board; discusses the legal definition of the term ‘bank’ in the US and of ‘credit institution’ under EU legislation; advances a new understanding of what the term ‘bank’ means in the post-2008 era.

TTIP Regulatory Cooperation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Alexia Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Technical Barriers To Trade ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
The Eu

The leaked TTIP documents reveal that the EU and US are discussing the introduction of a detailed set of procedural requirements for the adoption of regulatory measures. Default provisions are set forth in the chapter on regulatory cooperation, applicable to goods and services. More specific provisions are being negotiated in the chapters on technical barriers to trade and on sanitary and phytosanitary measures. If they conflict with the regulatory cooperation chapter, they prevail.This article analyses the regulatory cooperation chapter insofar as it pertains to trade in goods but to the exclusion of SPS matters and anything provided in the TBT chapter itself. The questions this article examines are to what extent the TTIP proposals expand upon the obligations the two parties have already taken on under WTO law and to what extent the resulting regulatory coordination is consistent withWTO law. It will be shown that the US proposals on procedure may constrain substantive regulatory discretion beyond what applies under the GATT and TBT Agreement of the WTO. It will alsobe shown that the needs to conduct trade impact assessments and a detailed explanation of the necessity of measures anticipate a legal challenge to necessity and will provide information of much use to complainants in meeting their burden of proof.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Trajectory Detection Uncovers Progression and Regulatory Coordination in Human B Cell Development

Cell ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Bendall ◽  
Kara L. Davis ◽  
El-ad David Amir ◽  
Michelle D. Tadmor ◽  
Erin F. Simonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Cell Trajectory ◽  
Human B Cell

The European Union's Gender Quota Proposal: Evidence of Shifting Forms of Governance

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Southin
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Eu Governance ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Quota ◽  
Employment Equality

On November 14 2012, the European Union (EU) issued a proposal toimplement a directive obligating publicly listed companies to meet a 40 percent quota for female representation on their boards of directors by 2020. This proposal is evidence of a break with historically dominant forms of governance employed in the policy areas of employment equality and corporate composition. Accordingly, this paper elucidates the proposed gender quota’s impact on the dominance of three forms of governance employed in the policy areas of employment equality and corporate composition, namely: regulatory, coordination, and Gender Mainstreaming forms of governance. This analysis yields the conclusion that the success of Gender Mainstreaming as the driving force of the proposal also facilitated a shift from coordination towards regulatory forms of governance in the two policy areas. The true significance of these findings has yet to be determined as this proposal may mark either a permanent shift or an historical anomaly in EU governance in the policy areas of  employment equality and corporate composition.

scholarly journals Regulatory Coordination between Two Major Intracellular Homeostatic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 (21) ◽  
pp. 14959-14972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Dokladny ◽  
Micah Nathaniel Zuhl ◽  
Michael Mandell ◽  
Dhruva Bhattacharya ◽  
Suzanne Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Coordination

scholarly journals Il passaggio di competenze nell’esportazione dei beni librari: tutto è cambiato, perché nulla cambi?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Emanuele Salamone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Rare Books ◽  
To Come ◽  
Protection Of Cultural Heritage

The author – taking a cue from the entry into force of l.n. 125/15, which has (re)transferred to the State the competence regarding the protection of the old paper – addresses the regulatory coordination issues that have led to a situation of handicapped protection of cultural heritage for several months after the entry into force of l.n. 125/15. In the second part of the article, the authordescribes- with an operating cutting – the largest administrative critical for the protection of rare books, identifying practical solutions, and operationally could help the administration of the Italian cultural heritage to come out of an atavistic impasse.

scholarly journals Intra-Executive Policy Laundering: A New Look at an Old Problem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Y.H. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
Executive Agency ◽  
Transparency And Accountability ◽  
New Look

This paper argues for the existence of a distinct sub-species of policy laundering, referred to here as “intra-executive policy laundering.” It argues that international regulatory coordination may be a vehicle through which one executive agency engages in bureaucratic infighting with another agency in order to push through its own substantive agenda, and to expand its own domestic regulatory autonomy. Consequently, executive agencies will compete to coordinate with counterpart agencies in other States, exacerbating the incidence of policy laundering by the executive as a whole. Intra-executive policy laundering also creates greater difficulties for legislatures and civil society in detecting and opposing policy laundering, as they face a multitude of opponents rather than a monolithic executive. Despite potential benefits in breaking regulatory deadlock and increasing international coordination, this paper argues that the lack of transparency and accountability that accompanies intra-executive policy laundering is more pernicious than that associated with policy laundering by a monolithic executive. Ultimately, however, the language of “policy laundering” is misplaced insofar as it emphasizes a substantive policy pursued by an executive entity, rather than the expansion of that entity’s sphere of autonomy.

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