scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers Against Ventilator‐Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Hall ◽  
Bumsoo Ahn ◽  
Ashley J. Smuder ◽  
Aaron B. Morton ◽  
J. Matthew Hinkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Diaphragm Dysfunction ◽  
Receptor Blockers

A Review of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker-based Therapies at all Levels of Cardiovascular Risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Tocci ◽  
Lorenzo Castello ◽  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Artery Disease

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and water and electrolyte metabolism in healthy subjects, as well as in several diseases including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, coronary artery disease, renal disease and congestive heart failure. These conditions are all characterised by abnormal production and activity of angiotensin II, which represents the final effector of the RAS. Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that antihypertensive therapy based on angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has a major role in the selective antagonism of the main pathological activities of angiotensin II. Significant efforts have been made to demonstrate that blocking the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) subtype receptors through ARB-based therapy results in proven benefits in different clinical settings. In this review, we discuss the main benefits of antihypertensive strategies based on ARBs in terms of their efficacy, safety and tolerability.

Class- and Molecule-specific Differential Effects of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3002-3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Imaizumi ◽  
Shin-ichiro Miura ◽  
Eiji Yahiro ◽  
Yoshinari Uehara ◽  
Issei Komuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Is it Possible to Differentiate between Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) Receptor Blockers in Normotensive Volunteers?

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
M. AZIZI, ◽  
G. CHATELLIER, ◽  
L. NICOLET, ◽  
T. GUYENE, ◽  
J. HEMPENIUS, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
At1 Receptor Blockers

scholarly journals Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers and Congestive Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 104 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann W. Auer ◽  
Robert Berent ◽  
Bernd Eber
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Receptor Blockers

scholarly journals Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1382-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Jan Danser ◽  
Murray Epstein ◽  
Daniel Batlle
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System Blockers

During the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, some reports of data still emerging and in need of full analysis indicate that certain groups of patients are at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and clearly the elderly. Many of those patients are treated with renin-angiotensin system blockers. Because the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein is the receptor that facilitates coronavirus entry into cells, the notion has been popularized that treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers might increase the risk of developing a severe and fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The present article discusses this concept. ACE2 in its full-length form is a membrane-bound enzyme, whereas its shorter (soluble) form circulates in blood at very low levels. As a mono-carboxypeptidase, ACE2 contributes to the degradation of several substrates including angiotensins I and II. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors do not inhibit ACE2 because ACE and ACE2 are different enzymes. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have been shown to upregulate ACE2 in experimental animals, the evidence is not always consistent and differs among the diverse angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers and differing organs. Moreover, there are no data to support the notion that ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker administration facilitates coronavirus entry by increasing ACE2 expression in either animals or humans. Indeed, animal data support elevated ACE2 expression as conferring potential protective pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. In summary, based on the currently available evidence, treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers should not be discontinued because of concerns with coronavirus infection.

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