scholarly journals Understanding retail dynamics of a regionally important domestic bird market in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicily Fiennes ◽  
Minxia Zhang ◽  
Fuping Sun ◽  
Tien Ming Lee
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Bird

scholarly journals Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wild–Domestic Bird Interface in Europe: Future Directions for Research and Surveillance

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Josanne H. Verhagen ◽  
Ron A. M. Fouchier ◽  
Nicola Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Hpai H5n1 ◽  
Host Identification

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare phenomenon in Europe. In the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks—in particular those caused by H5 viruses derived from the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage that emerged in southeast Asia in 1996—have been occuring with increasing frequency in Europe. Between 2005 and 2020, at least ten HPAI H5 incursions were identified in Europe resulting in mass mortalities among poultry and wild birds. Until 2009, the HPAI H5 virus outbreaks in Europe were caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses, while from 2014 onwards HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses dominated outbreaks, with abundant genetic reassortments yielding subtypes H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6 and H5N8. The majority of HPAI H5 virus detections in wild and domestic birds within Europe coincide with southwest/westward fall migration and large local waterbird aggregations during wintering. In this review we provide an overview of HPAI H5 virus epidemiology, ecology and evolution at the interface between poultry and wild birds based on 15 years of avian influenza virus surveillance in Europe, and assess future directions for HPAI virus research and surveillance, including the integration of whole genome sequencing, host identification and avian ecology into risk-based surveillance and analyses.

Effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an agroecosystem

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sean Clark ◽  
Stuart H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Plum Curculio ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Domestic Bird

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of free-range chickens and geese on insect pests and weeds in an experimental, nonchemical agroecosystem consisting of an apple orchard with intercropped potatoes. The objective was to assess the potential of these domestic bird species as biological control agents. Four insect pests were studied: plum curculio, apple maggot, Japanese beetle, and Colorado potato beetle. Chickens fed on several potential crop pests, including Japanese beetle. Although Japanese beetles were less abundant on apple trees when chickens were present, the proportion of damaged fruit was not reduced. Furthermore, chickens did not affect weed abundance or crop productivity. In contrast, geese were effective weeders. Their activities reduced weed abundance and increased potato plant growth and yields compared with a minimally weeded control. In addition, the activities of geese indirectly reduced apple fruit damage by plum curculio and increased the proportion of pest-free fruit, possibly because removal of vegetation by the geese reduced humidity at the soil surface and therefore reduced the activity of plum curculio.

Illegal domestic bird trade and the role of export quotas in Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Daut ◽  
Donald J. Brightsmith ◽  
A. Patricia Mendoza ◽  
Liisa Puhakka ◽  
Markus J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Bird

scholarly journals Dynamics of low and high pathogenic avian influenza in wild and domestic bird populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necibe Tuncer ◽  
Juan Torres ◽  
Maia Martcheva ◽  
Michael Barfield ◽  
Robert D. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
High Pathogenic ◽  
High Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Adaptive evolution of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 5(IFIT5) in birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Chuansheng Zhang ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Yifan Ren ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Immune Mechanism ◽  
Tetratricopeptide Repeats ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Episodic Selection ◽  
Joint Influence

Abstract Background : Previous studies have revealed that wild birds are reservoirs and mobile vectors of viruses, many of which cause illness and mortality in domestic bird and humans. In birds, the invasion of viruses will quickly trigger the innate immune mechanism induced by interferon (IFN). As IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), the IFIT gene family plays an important role in innate immunity. However, only IFIT5 of the IFIT gene family exists in birds, and the direction and strength of selection acting on IFIT5 are largely unknown. Results : Here, we studied the selection on IFIT5 based on the coding sequence (CDS) data of 20 birds. We identified 12 persistent positive selection sites (PSS), other sites suffered purifying selection and neutral selection; probably due to functional constraints. We also found humans have only 3PSS (189,197and 295), likely due to having more IFIT gene family member that can cooperate to resist virus invasion. The 12 PSS located in the closed clamp structure of the IFIT5 protein, except for position 45. In particular, 3 PSS (335, 342 and 367) were located in the TPR domain, which implied their important roles in virus recognition. We only found 2 episodic PSS (30,332) in Passeriformes, indicating episodic selection pressure in Passeriformes lineage. The positive selection of IFIT5 might provide a theoretical basis for the pathogen-host interaction in birds. Conclusions : We found that the diversity of IFIT5 domains in birds, and that the PSS of IFIT5 is the joint influence of functional domain conservation and the pressure of virus evolution.We speculated that persistent PSS may affect the antiviral function of IFIT5, especially in the region of closed clamp structure. These results lay a theoretical foundation for the further study of the antiviral immune mechanism of IFIT5 in birds.

Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Under Environmental Change in Coastal Community of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Apurba Roy ◽  
Sudipa Basu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Climate And Environmental Change ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Medium Level

The life and livelihood of coastal farming communities in Bangladesh are highly vulnerable to climate and environmental change. Diversification of farmers’ income sources beyond agriculture can be an effective way to cope with the adverse impacts of environmental change. The purpose of this study is to analyse the options and determinants of livelihood diversification (LD) strategies adopted by farmers in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Multiple linear regression technique along with Simpson index, Herfindahl index and priority index have been used for the analysis. Simple random sampling and multistage sampling have been used to select the sample and the study area, respectively. The magnitude of farming household diversification is at medium level. A significant share of annual income comes primarily from fish and rice production, domestic bird rearing and working as agricultural labour. The adoption of diversified activities is strongly influenced by age and education of household head, number of earning family members, social network and government donation. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters, inadequate infrastructure and lack of financial capacity are the critical constraints to LD.

Domestic Bird Bites

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1925-1927
Author(s):  
Carissa L. Meyer ◽  
Joshua M. Abzug
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Bird

Steroids and Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Domestic Bird

1961 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Greenman ◽  
M. X. Zarrow
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Domestic Bird

scholarly journals First serological evidence of West Nile virus among equines and birds in Kosovo, 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agim Rexhepi ◽  
Kurtesh Sherifi ◽  
Kristaq Berxholi ◽  
Betim Xhekaj ◽  
Nesade Muja-Bajraktari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to survey the presence of the West Nile virus (WNV) in Kosovo by serological testing of the healthy autochthonous equine population and virus detection in birds and mosquitoes. Between January 2018 and June 2019, 260 equine serum samples, 626 mosquitoes (60 pools), 50 domestic birds and 51 wild birds were collected from different regions of Kosovo. Equine and domestic bird serum samples were tested by IgG ELISA while mosquitoes and bird viscera were tested for WNV RNA by RT-PCR. Positive ELISA samples were confirmed by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) and eight by Virus Neutralization Test (VNT). Results: This is the first report providing evidence of WNV antibodies among animals in Kosovo. WNV antibodies were present in 27 out of 260 equine sera (10.38%) and one out of 50 samples in domestic birds by ELISA and PRNT. Eight of 27 positive equine serum samples were confirmed by VNT. No WNV RNA was detected in birds or mosquitoes.Conclusions: The occurrence of WNV antibodies in autochthonous equines from all regions of Kosovo indicates that the virus is circulating within the country. Public health authorities should therefore plan a risk assessment and disease control program.

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