scholarly journals Perceptions and realities of elephant crop raiding and mitigation methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kiffner ◽  
Isabel Schaal ◽  
Leah Cass ◽  
Kiri Peirce ◽  
Olivia Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Mitigation Methods

scholarly journals Assessing farm-based measures for mitigating human-elephant conflict in Transmara District, Kenya

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah W. Sitati ◽  
Matthew J. Walpole
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Crop raiding by elephants is widespread across Africa and Asia. Although many traditional and novel methods are used to defend farms there have been few rigorous tests of their efficacy. We provide a comparative quantitative assessment of a range of farm-based mitigation methods implemented during a 4-year project in Transmara District, Kenya. Five experimental trials were established to measure changes in crop raiding after the application of mitigation methods on treatment farms compared with control farms. A combination of early warning to detect elephants before they entered farms, coupled with a front line communal guarding strategy, proved most successful. Non-electrified barriers were expensive and generally ineffective. However, chilli Capsicum spp. grease applied to rope barriers encircling farms completely deterred elephants. Although encouraging, these results require more widespread testing and demonstration to ensure their effectiveness at broader scales.

scholarly journals Categorizing Touch-Input Locations from Touchscreen Device Interfaces via On-Board Mechano-Acoustic Transducers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4834
Author(s):  
Kai Ren Teo ◽  
Balamurali B T ◽  
Jianying Zhou ◽  
Jer-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
User Interaction ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Touch Input ◽  
Acoustic Transducers ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Input Location ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Many mobile electronics devices, including smartphones and tablets, require the user to interact physically with the device via tapping the touchscreen. Conveniently, these compact devices are also equipped with high-precision transducers such as accelerometers and microphones, integrated mechanically and designed on-board to support a range of user functionalities. However, unintended access to these transducer signals (bypassing normal on-board data access controls) may allow sensitive user interaction information to be detected and thereby exploited. In this study, we show that acoustic features extracted from the on-board microphone signals, supported with accelerometer and gyroscope signals, may be used together with machine learning techniques to successfully determine the user’s touch input location on a touchscreen: our ensemble model, namely the random forest model, predicts touch input location with up to 86% accuracy in a realistic scenario. Accordingly, we present the approach and techniques used, the performance of the model developed, and also discuss limitations and possible mitigation methods to thwart possible exploitation of such unintended signal channels.

scholarly journals Effects of magnetic perturbations and radiation on the runaway avalanche

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svensson ◽  
O. Embreus ◽  
S. L. Newton ◽  
K. Särkimäki ◽  
O. Vallhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Runaway Electrons ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Perturbative Approach ◽  
Efficient Simulation ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Magnetic Perturbations ◽  
Space Dynamics ◽  
Stochastic Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mitigation Methods

The electron runaway phenomenon in plasmas depends sensitively on the momentum- space dynamics. However, efficient simulation of the global evolution of systems involving runaway electrons typically requires a reduced fluid description. This is needed, for example, in the design of essential runaway mitigation methods for tokamaks. In this paper, we present a method to include the effect of momentum-dependent spatial transport in the runaway avalanche growth rate. We quantify the reduction of the growth rate in the presence of electron diffusion in stochastic magnetic fields and show that the spatial transport can raise the effective critical electric field. Using a perturbative approach, we derive a set of equations that allows treatment of the effect of spatial transport on runaway dynamics in the presence of radial variation in plasma parameters. This is then used to demonstrate the effect of spatial transport in current quench simulations for ITER-like plasmas with massive material injection. We find that in scenarios with sufficiently slow current quench, owing to moderate impurity and deuterium injection, the presence of magnetic perturbations reduces the final runaway current considerably. Perturbations localised at the edge are not effective in suppressing the runaways, unless the runaway generation is off-axis, in which case they may lead to formation of strong current sheets at the interface of the confined and perturbed regions.

scholarly journals Beehive fence deters crop-raiding elephants

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. King ◽  
Anna Lawrence ◽  
Iain Douglas-Hamilton ◽  
Fritz Vollrath
Keyword(s):  
Crop Raiding

scholarly journals Using molecular and observational techniques to estimate the number and raiding patterns of crop-raiding elephants

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick I. Chiyo ◽  
Cynthia J. Moss ◽  
Elizabeth A. Archie ◽  
Julie A. Hollister-Smith ◽  
Susan C. Alberts
Keyword(s):  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Observational Techniques

Newly Discovered Bale Monkey Populations in Forest Fragments in Southern Ethiopia: Evidence of Crop Raiding, Hybridization With Grivets, and Other Conservation Threats

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADDISU MEKONNEN ◽  
AFEWORK BEKELE ◽  
PETER J. FASHING ◽  
JEAN-MARC LERNOULD ◽  
ANAGAW ATICKEM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Conservation Threats

scholarly journals XI. Glossary of Local Terms

Oryx ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Keyword(s):  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Tropical Grassland ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Scattered Trees ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Horse Fly

Bhabar: dry country, with a subsoil of boulders, at the foot of the Himalayas.Bhangala: a channel of a river.Bheel: a small lake (in Assam).Chowki: a post, or a hut (for a forest guard, etc.).Dans: horse-fly or gad-fly.Dun: a plateau in a valley or a flat valley in the foothills of the Himalayas.Hatisar: an elephant station.Khola: a stream.Sal: a hardwood species of tree of great commercial value.Savannah: tropical or sub-tropical grassland containing scattered trees or shrubs.Shikar: shooting, or sport.Tal: a small lake.Tand: look-out tower for frightening away crop-raiding rhinoceros and other animals.Tapoo: an island in a river.Terai: moist country a few miles from the base of the Himalayas, at the edge of the bhabar.Tongi: the Assam equivalent of tand.

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