scholarly journals North American birds require mitigation and adaptation to reduce vulnerability to climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke L. Bateman ◽  
Chad Wilsey ◽  
Lotem Taylor ◽  
Joanna Wu ◽  
Geoffrey S. LeBaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

scholarly journals North American Birds Require Mitigation and Adaptation to Reduce Vulnerability to Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke L. Bateman ◽  
Chad Wilsey ◽  
Lotem Taylor ◽  
Joanna Wu ◽  
Geoffrey S. LeBaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
North American ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

AbstractBiodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate across the globe, with extinction rates up to a hundred times greater than historical norms. Climate change will only exacerbate this crisis. The rapid pace of projected climate change is set to push birds to seek new locations, drastically reshuffling the avian communities of North America. In an emerging climate crisis, effective conservation requires both adaptation and mitigation to improve the resilience of species. However, the pledged reductions in greenhouse gas emissions outlined in the Paris Agreement framework would still lead to a 3.2°C or greater increase in global mean temperature by the end of this century. In this study, we use big data analytics to develop species distribution models and assess the vulnerability of 604 North American birds to multiple climate change scenarios. We assess how climate change mitigation can affect the number of species vulnerable to climate change, as well as the species and locations at risk if emissions continue unchecked. Our results indicate that over two-thirds of North American birds are moderately or highly vulnerable to climate change under a 3.0°C global warming scenario. Of these climate-vulnerable species, 76% would have reduced vulnerability and 38% of those would be considered non-vulnerable if warming were stabilized at 1.5°C. Thus, the current pledge in greenhouse gas reductions set by the Paris Agreement is inadequate to reduce vulnerability to birds. Additionally, if climate change proceeds on its current trajectory, arctic birds, waterbirds and boreal and western forest birds will be highly vulnerable to climate change; groups that are currently not considered of high conservation concern. Thus, there is an urgent need for both aggressive policies to mitigate emissions and focused conservation adaptation actions to protect birds and the places they need in a changing climate.

Climate Change Surge: Implementing Stringent Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-183
Author(s):  
Kola Odeku ◽  
Edson Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South African ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
African Government ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies

AbstractThis article examines how the South African government, realizing the country's vulnerability to climate change, deemed it necessary to strengthen adaptation and mitigation measures and put in place legal and institutional frameworks to ensure implementation and compliance. Government must take responsibility for industry's inaction by implementing policies on climate change and, more importantly, through a visible change in government policy to hold industry accountable. The stringent policies and strategies being put in place are reducing vulnerability and also enhancing a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, climatic, resource and economic perturbations. The article further reviews state of the art methods and tools available to strengthen mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures in the areas of the existing frameworks regarding climate change. It also considers various measures by Eskom in particular, and strategies embarked upon by South Africa's national and local governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Determination of Perception and Adaptive Capacity towards Climate Change among Paddy Farmers in State of Kelantan, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Nik Anis Nik Abdullah ◽  
Zalina Zahidah Abdul Karim ◽  
Siti Aida Sheikh Hussin ◽  
Siti Shaliza Mohd Khairi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Paddy Farmers ◽  
The Right

Rapid changes in the climatic factors affect paddy farming in Malaysia. As Kelantan is the most vulnerable state to climate variations, its paddy production is negatively affected. Proper mitigation and adaptation approach can reduce paddy farmers’ vulnerability to climate change. Hence, it is important to the paddy farmers to cope with climate change by having the right perception to ensure farmers take the right decisions on dealing with climate change. There are four objectives of this study which include estimating the trend of climate change in Kelantan using Mann-Kendall test, determining paddy farmers’ perceptions towards climate change, measuring paddy farmers’ adaptive capability using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and ascertaining associated factors of the adaptive capacity of paddy farmers using Binary Logistic Regression. Results showed that majority (85.9%) of paddy farmers in Kelantan perceived changes in climate but only 62.9% of paddy farmers were highly adaptive towards climate change. Finally, age, monthly income, and district were found to be significantly associated with paddy farmers’ adaptive capacity towards climate change. Although, most paddy farmers in Kelantan were highly adaptive towards climate change, government and related agencies still need to take some efforts and initiatives to enhance the farmers’ adaptation towards climate change.   

scholarly journals Vulnerability to climate change of smallholder cocoa producers in the province of Manabí, Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 8707-8716 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Macías Barberán ◽  
Gerardo José Cuenca Nevárez ◽  
Frank Guillermo Intriago Flor ◽  
Creuci Maria Caetano ◽  
Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Very High

The consequences of climate change in the agricultural sector worldwide expose the need to understand the scope of their impact in order to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies for them. Therefore, this research evaluated the alterations in the environmental conditions and their relation with the vulnerability of smallholder cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producers to climate change in the province of Manabí. A non-probabilistic sampling of 1,060 small farmers was made in five cantons of Manabí. The vulnerability was determined through indicators such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), deforestation data from 1990 to 2016, models of the changes in climate and extreme weather events, satellite images, records from the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI by its initials in Spanish), and numerical outputs of mathematical models calibrated for Ecuador climatic and environmental data. Each indicator was calculated in conventional units and then categorized into vulnerability levels: low, medium, high and very high. For the indicators’ superposition, algebraic tools of the Geographic Information Systems’ (GIS) maps were used. The results showed a very high incidence of extreme events, deforestation higher than 6,000 ha year-1, an increase of 0.8 °C in temperature between 1960 and 2006, an increase in rainfall on the coastal zone close to 90% and a decrease of it of more than 20% on the agricultural area. Furthermore, coverage showed the following distribution of the determined vulnerability levels: low (13.30%), medium (34.74%), high (45.53%), and very high (6.43%).

scholarly journals CLIMATE POLICY AND THE OPTIMAL BALANCE BETWEEN MITIGATION, ADAPTATION AND UNAVOIDED DAMAGE

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO BOSELLO ◽  
CARLO CARRARO ◽  
ENRICA DE CIAN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Open Question

It has become commonly accepted that a successful climate strategy should compound mitigation and adaptation. The accurate combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change is still an open question. This paper proposes a framework that integrates mitigation, adaptation, and climate change residual damages into an optimisation model. This set-up is used to provide some insights on the welfare maximising resource allocation between mitigation and adaptation, on their optimal timing, and on their marginal contribution to reducing vulnerability to climate change. The optimal mix between three different adaptation modes (reactive adaptation, anticipatory adaptation, and investment in innovation for adaptation purposes) within the adaptation bundle is also identified. Results suggest that the joint implementation of mitigation and adaptation is welfare improving. Mitigation should start immediately, whereas adaptation somewhat later. It is also shown that in a world where the probability of climate-related catastrophic events is small and where decision makers have a high discount rate, adaptation is unambiguously the preferred option. Adaptation needs, both in developed and developing countries, will be massive, especially during the second half of the century. Most of the adaptation burden will be on developing countries. International cooperation is thus required to equally distribute the costs of adaptation.

scholarly journals A Scale to Measure Farmers’ Risk Perceptions about Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rupan Raghuvanshi ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
State Government ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Climate change has emerged as one of the key determinants of agricultural productivity. Risks perceptions of farmers’ towards climate change and its impact on agriculture are said to be a strong predictor of their behavioural intentions to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies.  Consequently, measuring farmers’ perception about risks associated with climate change is of paramount importance and needs to be studied so that appropriate adaptation measures could be undertaken to mitigate the productivity losses. The present study was an attempt to develop a scale to measure the farmers risk perception about climate change which could be used by researchers. Likert’s summated rating technique was followed for the construction of perception scale. The process started with selection of 30 statements on the bases of Mean Relevancy Weightage (MRW) scores; and the statements were given to 30 farmers in four purposively selected villages (based on their degree of vulnerability to climate change as determined by a State government Report) in Kumaon division Uttarakhand, a North Himalayan state of India which is perennially susceptible to climate change risks and uncertainties. The scale developed finally consisted of 20 statements. The reliability and validity of the scale was computed to find out the precision and consistency of the results. This scale will be useful for researchers and academicians studying farmers’ perceptions towards climate change and its impact on agriculture. It would also be useful for policy makers for developing risk management strategies.

scholarly journals Climate Change Communication in Colombia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Lema Vélez ◽  
Daniel Hermelin ◽  
María Margarita Fontecha ◽  
Dunia H. Urrego
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Television News ◽  
Climate Change Communication ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
International Climate Agreements ◽  
Communication Needs

Colombia is in a privileged position to take advantage of international climate agreements to finance sustainable development initiatives. The country is a signatory of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreements. As a non-Annex I party to the UNFCCC, Colombia produces low emissions in relation to global numbers (0.46% of total global emissions for 2010) and exhibits biogeographical conditions that are ideal for mitigation of climate change through greenhouse gas sequestration and emission reductions. Simultaneously, recent extreme climatic events have harshly compromised the country’s economy, making Colombia’s vulnerability to climate change evident.While these conditions should justify a strong approach to climate change communication that motivates decision making and leads to mitigation and adaptation, the majority of sectors still fall short of effectively communicating their climate change messages. Official information about climate change is often too technical and rarely includes a call for action. However, a few exceptions exist, including environmental education materials for children and a noteworthy recent strategy to deliver the Third Communication to the UNFCCC in a form that is more palatable to the general public. Despite strong research on climate change, particularly related to agricultural, environmental, and earth sciences, academic products are rarely communicated in a way that is easily understood by decision makers and has a clear impact on public policy. Messages from the mass media frequently confuse rather than inform the public. For instance, television news refers to weather-related disasters, climate variability, and climate change indiscriminately. This shapes an erroneous idea of climate change among the public and weakens the effectiveness of communications on the issue.The authors contrast the practices of these sectors with those of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in Colombia to show how they address the specific climate communication needs facing the country. These NGOs directly face the challenge of working with diverse population groups in this multicultural, multiethnic, and megadiverse country. NGOs customize languages, channels, and messages for different audiences and contexts, with the ultimate goal of building capacity in local communities, influencing policymakers, and sensitizing the private sector. Strategies that result from the work of interdisciplinary groups, involve feedback from the audiences, and incorporate adaptive management have proven to be particularly effective.

scholarly journals Climate Change and North American Rangelands: Assessment of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Joyce ◽  
David D. Briske ◽  
Joel R. Brown ◽  
H. Wayne Polley ◽  
Bruce A. McCarl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies

scholarly journals Landscapes Vulnerability on Climate Change in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
D Wacano ◽  
N D Latifah ◽  
H Bishop ◽  
H Gutama ◽  
N A I Hasanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract Whether climate change is real or not, the daily basis phenomena and its evidences should be our concern nowadays. Yogyakarta is one of the provinces that are vulnerable to the impact of climate change in Indonesia. The specific responses to climate change phenomena in Yogyakarta province are indirectly correlated to landscape characteristics. These characteristics are important aspects for the assessment and development of new approaches to address the impacts of climate change. Therefore, this paper presents the status of landscape vulnerability to climate change in Yogyakarta province to consider the issues of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to determine the objective of the research. The results of previous studies were reviewed in depth and combined with field observations to build a strong argument before evaluating the matrices and weights in the AHP steps. The result analysis showed that the most vulnerable landscape in Yogyakarta province is the anthropogenic landscape, which is located in Yogyakarta city. Furthermore, the combination of population density and poor sanitation management should be considered as a factor in mitigating and adapting to climate change in Yogyakarta city.

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