Clinical relevance of emphysema in patients hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia: clinical features and prognosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Seo ◽  
Seung‐Ick Cha ◽  
Kyung Min Shin ◽  
Jae Kwang Lim ◽  
Won Kee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Haemophilus Influenza

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoar ◽  
Fernando H Centeno ◽  
Daniel M Musher
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Viral Coinfection

Abstract Background Long regarded as the second most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), Haemophilus influenzae has recently been identified with almost equal frequency as pneumococcus in patients hospitalized for CAP. The literature lacks a detailed description of the presentation, clinical features, laboratory and radiologic findings, and outcomes in Haemophilus pneumonia. Methods During 2 prospective studies of patients hospitalized for CAP, we identified 33 patients with Haemophilus pneumonia. In order to provide context, we compared clinical findings in these patients with findings in 36 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia identified during the same period. We included and analyzed separately data from patients with viral coinfection. Patients with coinfection by other bacteria were excluded. Results Haemophilus pneumonia occurred in older adults who had underlying chronic lung disease, cardiac conditions, and alcohol use disorder, the same population at risk for pneumococcal pneumonia. However, in contrast to pneumococcal pneumonia, patients with Haemophilus pneumonia had less severe infection as shown by absence of septic shock on admission, less confusion, fewer cases of leukopenia or extreme leukocytosis, and no deaths at 30 days. Viral coinfection greatly increased the severity of Haemophilus, but not pneumococcal pneumonia. Conclusions We present the first thorough description of Haemophilus pneumonia, show that it is less severe than pneumococcal pneumonia, and document that viral coinfection greatly increases its severity. These distinctions are lost when the label CAP is liberally applied to all patients who come to the hospital from the community for pneumonia.

scholarly journals Clinical relevance of necrotizing change in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Respirology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Seo ◽  
Seung-Ick Cha ◽  
Kyung-Min Shin ◽  
Jae-Kwang Lim ◽  
Seung-Soo Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia

scholarly journals Crystalline Penicillin for Community Acquired Pneumonia: Does it still work?

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirjala Aryal ◽  
Arun Kumar Neopane ◽  
Moon Thapa ◽  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Keshav Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Pneumonia is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in children in underdeveloped countries. The common bacterial agents are Streptococcus pneumonia followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b. The only measure to treat bacterial pneumonia is the correct use of antibiotics along with oxygen in moderate to severe cases. The objectives of this study were to see the clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia and to observe the response to treatment with crystalline penicillin in hospitalized children. Methods: This study was a prospective study. The children aged between two months to 59 months with pneumonia were treated with intravenous crystalline penicillin. Response was observed by normalization of respiratory rate and absence of lower chest indrawing. Results: Out of 88 children treated, 79(89.8%) showed improvement in 48 hours. In children who had tachypnoea, 62.9% showed normalization in respiratory rate in the first 24 hours and 37.1 percent in 48 hours of treatment. Similarly, among children with lower chest indrawing; 61.1% showed improvement in 24hours and the remaining in 48hours.  In 24 hours of treatment 17.7% of children became afebrile and 46.8% in 48hours of treatment. Conclusion: The most common clinical features like cough, fever, tachypnoea and lower chest indrawing can be used to diagnose CAP where Chest X- ray is not possible. The response to treatment with Crystalline Penicillin is a very good and, thus, can be used as the first line drug in the treatment of children with CAP.Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; July-December 2012/vol.11/Issue2/36-39 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v11i2.7908 

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic in children of Сhernivtsi region: clinical features and annual treatment experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
O.K. Кoloskova ◽  
T.M. Bilous ◽  
N.V. Gopko ◽  
M.B. Myroniuk
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Third ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Background. The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been going on for more than a year and is a problem for the health care system worldwide. At the same time, there are few studies on the peculiarities of COVID-19 in children, in particular how clinical symptoms have changed during the year with the change of types of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Objective was to conduct a retrospective generalized analysis of the clinical course, laboratory markers and features of treatment in pediatric cases of ­COVID-19 in Chernivtsi region. Materials and me­thods. Using the retrospective cohort method, 263 clinical cases of ­COVID-19 in children of the Chernivtsi region hospitalized for the period of March 2020 — March 2021 were analyzed. Results. In this work, a dynamic analysis was performed of the clinical features of ­COVID-19 course in the population of children of Chernivtsi region, who were hospitalized during March 2020 — March 2021 at inpatient departments with signs of infection caused by ­SARS-CoV-2. The first group included 65 patients who were treated in the second quarter of 2020, the second group consisted of 90 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the third quarter of 2020, the third group included 87 children who were treated in the fourth quarter of 2020, and the fourth group consisted of 21 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the first quarter of 2021. It was found that the frequency of complaints of malaise was due to infectious-inflammatory, intoxication and catarrhal symptom complexes, although in contrast to the onset of the pandemic, the complaints and signs of intoxication and asthenic syndromes, infectious-inflammatory syndromes, nonspecific neurological symptoms increased with a relatively stable rate of lesions of the upper respiratory tract. In the first quarter of 2021, there was an increase in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5) and community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7). Conclusions. A dynamic analysis of the course of COVID-19 in children has demonstrated phenotypic deviations of the disease with torpidity to the prescribed treatment for nonspecific symptoms of disorders of the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract with a decrease in duration and severity of fever, increased incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio = 2.7) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio = 6.5).

Orthodontic Conundrums Part 1: Transposition – an Update on Presentation and Treatment Modalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Naeem I Adam ◽  
Adam Jowett ◽  
Trevor Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Dental Practitioner ◽  
General Dental Practitioner ◽  
Iatrogenic Harm

This is the first article in a three-part series considering uncommon dental anomalies and treatment approaches. Dental transpositions are rare anomalies which may present to the general dental practitioner or orthodontist. The management of transpositions is dependent on several factors, including the sub-type, severity and the other salient features of the malocclusion. Transposition may either be accepted or orthodontically corrected and the adoption of either approach must be preceded by thorough assessment of the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The presentation and management of transposition is variable. The general dental practitioner must be aware of the clinical features of a developing transposition as certain treatment options are only possible before the transposition is fully established. In addition, the orthodontist must be mindful of the potential for iatrogenic harm if these dental anomalies are managed injudiciously.

scholarly journals Outpatient COVID-19 Pneumonia In Elderly Patients In Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essetova G. U. ◽  
Idrissova L.R ◽  
Muminov T.A
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saturation Indices ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract COVID pneumonia is difficult to manage in elderly patients over 65 years of age.The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features of the course of COVID pneumonia in a cohort of patients over 65 years old.Materials and methods: We observed patients with community-acquired pneumonia, of whom PCR positive for COVID were 33 patients, mean age 67.6 ± 12 years, men – 11, women – 22; 16 patients had no confirmed virus (COVID PCR negative), mean age 65.5 ± 8.2 years, 7 women and 9 men.Examination results: in the group of COVID patients, the disease more often proceeded according to the type of bilateral polysegmental pneumonia according to CT data, with severe monocytosis, с thrombocytosis and transient increase in creatinine, which required the appointment of intensive anticoagulant therapy. Arterial hypertension was observed in the majority of people. In the control group (PCR -), pneumonia proceeded predominantly as bronchopneumonia, saturation indices were approximately the same in both groups. COVID patients had significantly higher levels of monocytes, blood platelets, CRP, creatinine levels, including arterial hypertension was more common.Conclusion: COVID pneumonia in elderly patients proceeds as multisegmented bilateral pneumonia with moderate disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, which is well controlled due to complex therapy with anticoagulants and antibiotics.

scholarly journals Parainfluenza Virus Types 1–3 Infections Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M Howard ◽  
Kathryn M Edwards ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Derek J Williams ◽  
Wesley H Self ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections. Although there are several distinct PIV serotypes, few studies have compared the clinical characteristics and severity of infection among the individual PIV serotypes and between PIV and other pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Methods We conducted active population-based surveillance for radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations among children and adults in 8 US hospitals with systematic collection of clinical data and respiratory, blood, and serological specimens for pathogen detection. We compared clinical features of PIV-associated pneumonia among individual serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and among all PIV infections with other viral, atypical, and bacterial pneumonias. We also compared in-hospital disease severity among groups employing an ordinal scale (mild, moderate, severe) using multivariable proportional odds regression. Results PIV was more commonly detected in children (155/2354; 6.6%) than in adults (66/2297; 2.9%) (P < .001). Other pathogens were commonly co-detected among PIV cases (110/221; 50%). Clinical features of PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3 infections were similar to one another in both children and adults with pneumonia. In multivariable analysis, children with PIV-associated pneumonia exhibited similar severity to children with other nonbacterial pneumonia, whereas children with bacterial pneumonia exhibited increased severity (odds ratio, 8.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–37.80). In adults, PIV-associated pneumonia exhibited similar severity to other pneumonia pathogens. Conclusions Clinical features did not distinguish among infection with individual PIV serotypes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. However, in children, PIV pneumonia was less severe than bacterial pneumonia.

scholarly journals Does the “Silver Bullet” Lose its Shine Over the Time? Assessment of Loss of Lithium Response in a Preliminary Sample of Bipolar Disorder Outpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fornaro ◽  
B. Stubbs ◽  
D. De Berardis ◽  
F. Iasevoli ◽  
M. Solmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lithium Response ◽  
Silver Bullet ◽  
Time Assessment

Background:Though often perceived as a “silver bullet” treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), lithium has seldom reported to lose its efficacy over the time.Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess cases of refractoriness toward restarted lithium in BD patients who failed to preserve maintenance.Method:Treatment trajectories associated with re-instituted lithium following loss of achieved lithium-based maintenance in BD were retrospectively reviewed for 37 BD-I patients (median age 52 years; F:M=17:20 or 46% of the total) over an 8.1-month period on average.Results:In our sample only 4 cases (roughly 11% of the total, of whom F:M=2:2) developed refractoriness towards lithium after its discontinuation. Thirty-three controls (F:M=15:18) maintained lithium response at the time of re-institution. No statistically significant difference between cases and controls was observed with respect to a number of demographic and clinical features but for time spent before first trial ever with lithium in life (8.5vs.3 years; U=24.5, Z=-2.048, p=.041) and length of lithium discontinuation until new therapeutic attempt (5.5vs.2 years; U=8, Z=-2.927, p=.003) between casesvs.controls respectively. Tapering off of lithium was significantly faster among casesvs.controls (1vs.7 days; U=22, Z=-2.187), though both subgroups had worrisome high rates of poor adherence overall.Conclusion:Although intrinsic limitations of the present preliminary assessment hamper the validity and generalizability of overall results, stating the clinical relevance of the topic further prospective research is warranted. The eventual occurrence of lithium refractoriness may indeed be associated with peculiar course trajectories and therapeutic outcomes ultimately urging the prescribing clinicians to put efforts in preserving maintenance of BD in the absence of any conclusive research insight on the matter.

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