The role of inorganic electrolyte (salt) in cellulosic fibre dyeing: Part 2 theories of how inorganic electrolyte promotes dye uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Burkinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Cellulosic Fibre ◽  
Inorganic Electrolyte

scholarly journals The value and role of low dose methylene blue in the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 526-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bewick ◽  
A Pfleiderer
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preoperative Ultrasonography

Introduction Methylene blue (MB) has been used in the identification of abnormal parathyroid glands in surgery for hyperparathyroidism. Its efficacy and safety profile have been questioned recently and this study sought to demonstrate such aspects in a unit where its use is routine. Methods Prospective data collected over six years in a single surgeon’s practice were interrogated to identify factors affecting MB staining, side effects suffered and unusual cases where the dye was invaluable in locating the diseased gland. Results A total of 98 patients underwent MB infusion. Of these, 77 cases (78.6%) stained positively with MB and 21 (21.4%) did not. Six patients suffered side effects but there were no cases of neurotoxicity. No positive predictive factors of dye uptake were found. MB was particularly useful in cases of intrathyroidal and ectopic glands as well as improving efficiency in both targeted and open parathyroidectomy. Conclusions This series shows that when used correctly, MB is efficacious in locating diseased parathyroid glands, with similar sensitivity rates to preoperative ultrasonography and radionucleotide imaging. Adverse effects were much lower than published previously, which may be attributed to the low dose of MB used (3.5mg/kg).

Abstract TP103: Neonatal Stroke Alters Communication of Microglial Cells With Microglia-Derived Exosomes and Microvesicles

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Lecuyer ◽  
Joel Faustino ◽  
Praneeti Pathipati ◽  
Zena Vexler
Keyword(s):  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Neonatal Stroke ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Contralateral Cortex ◽  
Selective Enhancement ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Inflammation modulates brain injury after perinatal arterial stroke. We previously demonstrated that microglial cells play an important role in protecting neonatal brain from acute stroke by phagocytosing dying neurons, attenuating cytokine accumulation and by protecting neurovascular integrity. Microglia may modulate injury in neonatal stroke via crosstalk between cells via other mechanisms, such as by releasing extracellular vesicles from microglia (MEV), including exosomes (MExo) and microvesicles (MMV). Aim: Elucidate the mechanisms of MEV communication with brain cells in injured neonatal brain and role of these vesicles in protection. Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in postnatal day 9 (P9). Microglial cells were isolated by CD11b-conjugated beads from ischemic and contralateral cortex 24h after reperfusion and plated at same density for 96h. MEV were isolated by multi-step centrifugation (MMV) and ultra-centrifugation (MExo) and labeled with MiniClaret dye. Uptake of MEV from contralateral/ injured cortex by Iba1 + -cells from contralateral and injured regions was determined 10, 30 & 120min. Images co-stained with flotillin-1, which is strongly expressed in MMV but not in MExo, were analyzed using Volocity ® . Results: The uptake of MEV from injured cortex by microglia from injured cortex was significantly higher than uptake of contralateral-MEV by microglia from uninjured cortex (5-fold at 10min; p<0.0001) regardless of time. Uptake of MEV from injured regions by microglia from contralateral cortex and contralateral-MEV by microglia from injured cortex were low. While the number of ipsilateral and contralateral flotillin-1 + -MMV was similar, uptake of flotillin-1 - -MExo and ratio of ipsilateral MExo/MEV were significantly increase. Summary: Our data demonstrate selective enhancement of microglial communication with MEV from activated microglia after acute neonatal stroke as well as distinct MEV-subtype-dependent mechanisms of communication in injured brain. This mechanism could provide a better understanding of the role of microglia on the severity of neonatal stroke. Support: AHA17IRG33430004, RO1NS44025, RO1HL139685

Tenacity and colorfastness properties of chemically modified jute fibres dyed with Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Md Asadul Hoque ◽  
Md Saiduzzaman ◽  
A. Nayeem Faruqui ◽  
Md Ashadul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Cellulosic Fibre ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
Reactive Orange

Purpose This paper aims to examine the loss of tenacity and colorfastness properties of bleached and modified (acrylonitrile, AN and methacrylonitrile, MAN) jute fibres dyed with Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14. Design/methodology/approach Jute fibres dyed with Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 were studied as a function of exposure to sunlight in air, washing with soap solution and spotting with acids and alkalis. Findings Dye absorption of Basic Violet 14 was higher compared to Reactive Orange 14 at optimum dyeing conditions. Optimum dye uptake of Reactive Orange 14 required relatively severe conditions compared to that of Basic Violet 14. Whereas, Reactive Orange 14 showed overall good colorfastness to sunlight and moderate in washing compared to Basic Violet 14. All the bleached and modified fibres showed good colorfastness to weak acids and alkalis regardless of Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 dyes. The loss in tenacity was higher in the case of non-modified fibres, and among the modified fibres, Basic Violet 14 showed the lowest loss in tenacity in the exposure to sunlight. Originality/value Many studies have been devoted to improve the substantivity of cellulosic fibre for reactive dyes. A few efforts were made to improve the light fastness. In this work, investigation will be made on a comparative study of loss of tenacity and colorfastness properties of bleached and modified (AN and MAN) jute fibres dyed with both Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 on exposure to sunlight, washing and acid and alkali spotting. Optimum dyeing conditions will also be investigated for economic dyeing.

scholarly journals Role of membrane-associated thiol groups in the functional regulation of gastric microsomal (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase system

1983 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nandi ◽  
Z Meng-Ai ◽  
T K Ray
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Atpase System ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Functional Regulation ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

The distribution of free thiol groups associated with the membrane proteins of the purified pig gastric microsomal vesicles was quantified, and the relation of thiol groups to the function of the gastric (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase system was investigated. Two different thiol-specific agents, carboxypyridine disulphide (CPDS) and N-(1-naphthyl)maleimide (NNM) were used for the study. The structure-function relationship of the membrane thiol groups was studied after modification by the probes under various conditions, relating the inhibition of the (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase to the ATP-dependent H+ accumulation by the gastric microsomal vesicles. On the basis of the extent of stimulation of the microsomal (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase in the presence and absence of valinomycin (val) about 85% of the vesicles were found to be intact. CPDS at 1 mM completely inhibits the valinomycin-stimulated ATPase and the associated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase with a concomitant inhibition of vesicular H+ uptake. Both the enzyme and dye-uptake activities were fully protected against CPDS inhibition when the treatment with CPDS was carried out in the presence of ATP. ATP also offered protection (about 65%) against NNM inhibition of the (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase system and vesicular H+ uptake. Under similar conditions ATP also protected about 10 and 6 nmol of thiol groups/mg of protein respectively from CPDS and NNM reaction. Our data suggest that the thiol groups on the outer surface of the vesicles are primarily involved in gastric (H+ + K+)-transporting ATPase function. Furthermore, at least about 15% of the total microsomal thiol groups appear to be associated with the ATPase system. The data have been discussed in terms of the structure-function relationship of gastric microsomes.

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