scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management for Social-Ecological Systems: Renewing the Focus in the United States with Next Generation Fishery Ecosystem Plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e12367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin N. Marshall ◽  
Phillip S. Levin ◽  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Laura E. Koehn ◽  
Lee G. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

Methods for Characterizing and Examining Marine Fishery Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Anthony R. Marshak
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

There are many variables associated with assessing marine fishery ecosystems. These include exploring facets of the living marine resources (LMRs), habitats, oceans, economics, and social considerations associated with marine social-ecological systems. Yet which ones can help track progress toward ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) and, by extension, the efficacy of LMR management? This chapter provides a list of over 90 indicators we will use throughout the regional chapters, with documentation of data sources, time periods, and geographies covered, and the typical caveats associated with these data. This chapter also notes the methodology of how we synthesized all this information across all the regional chapters, noting the appropriate statistical and ranking methods we employed and the benchmarking criteria we considered to ascertain progress toward EBFM.

scholarly journals Assessing the State of Coupled Social-Ecological Modeling in Support of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kasperski ◽  
Geret S. DePiper ◽  
Alan C. Haynie ◽  
Suzana Blake ◽  
Lisa L. Colburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Disciplinary Background ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

There has been a proliferation of coupled social-ecological systems (SES) models created and published in recent years. However, the degree of coupling between natural and social systems varies widely across the different coupled models and is often a function of the disciplinary background of the team conducting the research. This manuscript examines models developed for and used by NOAA Fisheries in support of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) in the United States. It provides resource managers and interdisciplinary scientists insights on the strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used SES models: end-to-end models, conceptual models, bioeconomic models, management strategy evaluations (MSEs), fisher behavior models, integrated social vulnerability models, and regional economic impact models. These model types are not unique to the literature, but allow us to differentiate between one-way coupled models – where outputs from one model are inputs into a second model of another discipline with no feedback to the first model, and two-way coupled models – where there are linkages between the natural and social system models. For a model to provide useful strategic or tactical advice, it should only be coupled to the degree necessary to understand the important dynamics/responses of the system and to create management-relevant performance metrics or potential risks from an (in)action. However, one key finding is to not wait to integrate! This paper highlights the importance of “when” the coupling happens, as timing affects the ability to fully address management questions and multi-sectoral usage conflicts that consider the full SES for EBFM or ecosystem based management (EBM) more generally.

scholarly journals The practice of everyday oystering: aquaculture as resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane K. Michaelis ◽  
Donald Webster ◽  
L. Jen Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Dynamic Power ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Oyster Aquaculture ◽  
System Changes ◽  
History Of

As members of complex social-ecological systems (SES),fishermen navigate and respond to system changes to maintain their livelihoods. These changes often involve dynamic power relationships. In Maryland (United States), commercial fishermen or watermen demonstrate a history of responding to SES changes, including power relationships in which they often feel restricted. We describe how watermen have historically employed tactics, as conceived by de Certeau (1984), to resist and succeed within a constraining system. We considerinvolvement in oyster aquaculture as a recent tactic, and compare data from interviews with watermen and non-watermen involved in aquaculture to understand power relationships and adaptations within this SES. Interviews suggest that, while both watermen and non-watermen aquaculturists perceive similar power relations within the system, only watermen begin work in oyster aquaculture as a tactic in response to these relations (P<0.001). Results illustrate diverse perceptions of power as well as ongoing changes within the SES. More broadly, we introduce the idea of SES adaptations as tactics of resistance and emphasize the need for a more integrative understanding of SES and power.

scholarly journals Untapped capacity for resilience in environmental law

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (40) ◽  
pp. 19899-19904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahjond Garmestani ◽  
J. B. Ruhl ◽  
Brian C. Chaffin ◽  
Robin K. Craig ◽  
Helena F. M. W. van Rijswick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological

Over the past several decades, environmental governance has made substantial progress in addressing environmental change, but emerging environmental problems require new innovations in law, policy, and governance. While expansive legal reform is unlikely to occur soon, there is untapped potential in existing laws to address environmental change, both by leveraging adaptive and transformative capacities within the law itself to enhance social-ecological resilience and by using those laws to allow social-ecological systems to adapt and transform. Legal and policy research to date has largely overlooked this potential, even though it offers a more expedient approach to addressing environmental change than waiting for full-scale environmental law reform. We highlight examples from the United States and the European Union of untapped capacity in existing laws for fostering resilience in social-ecological systems. We show that governments and other governance agents can make substantial advances in addressing environmental change in the short term—without major legal reform—by exploiting those untapped capacities, and we offer principles and strategies to guide such initiatives.

Strengthening post-hoc analysis of community-based fisheries management through the social-ecological systems framework

Marine Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Blythe ◽  
Philippa Cohen ◽  
Hampus Eriksson ◽  
Joshua Cinner ◽  
Delvene Boso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Systems Framework

Creel Surveys for Social-Ecological-Systems Focused Fisheries Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Chelsey L. Nieman ◽  
Carolyn Iwicki ◽  
Abigail J. Lynch ◽  
Greg G. Sass ◽  
Christopher T. Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological

Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Bruce Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Ecological Complexity

Resource and environmental managers frequently must deal with ongoing change, complexity, uncertainty, and conflict, often meaning that there is not one obviously correct way to manage situations. In that context, this chapter introduces key concepts related to resource and environmental management: complex social and ecological systems, the Anthropocene, wicked problems, ambiguity, and tipping points. The characteristics of each are described, and their significance explained. In addition, experiences from Tanzania, the Philippines, the United States, and India are presented to illustrate the importance of these concepts in practical resource and environmental management situations. Rangarirai Taruvinga shares a guest statement in which he explores the pressures and options related to social-ecological complexity in Swaziland in Africa.

scholarly journals A More Comprehensive Climate Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Fisheries Social-Ecological Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Dudley ◽  
Tanya L. Rogers ◽  
Mark M. Morales ◽  
Amanda D. Stoltz ◽  
Casey J. Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Climate Vulnerability

Understanding and anticipating the effects of climate change on fisheries social-ecological systems (FSESs) is central to proactive fisheries management in a changing global climate. With fisheries management increasingly striving to consider interactions and feedbacks among people, targeted species, and the broader ecological and human communities, fisheries managers and participants need tools to help them assess these complex systems. We developed a new climate vulnerability assessment framework for analyzing the impacts of a climate-induced trend or event on a FSES. The framework divides the FSES into four interrelated and interacting domains: Ecological Community, Fished Species, Fishery, and Human Community. The framework provides a systematic approach to account for indirect as well as direct effects, links among subsystems, and multiple climate change-induced stressors. We demonstrate the framework’s utility by applying it to three case studies: the effects of a marine heatwave on the Dungeness crab FSES, the effects of a marine heatwave on the red sea urchin FSES, and the effects of long-term climate trends on North Pacific albacore. We found that the effects of a climatic trend or event on a FSES are often indirect and can trigger diverse and important feedbacks. These examples also showed that the climatic trend or event may cause changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of fishing effort and fished species that have a more significant impact on the FSES than changes to species abundance per se. Unlike other climate vulnerability assessment frameworks and applications, ours is designed to enable consideration of the range of feedbacks within and among both the ecological and human communities. As such, it is a valuable tool to guide the holistic examination and assessment of potential impacts to FSESs.

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