scholarly journals Friends in Low‐Entropy Places: Orthographic Neighbor Effects on Visual Word Identification Differ Across Letter Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Luthra ◽  
Heejo You ◽  
Jay G. Rueckl ◽  
James S. Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Orthographic Neighbor ◽  
Neighbor Effects ◽  
Visual Word Identification ◽  
Low Entropy

Lexical and Sublexical Components of Age-related Changes in Neural Activation during Visual Word Identification

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wythe L. Whiting ◽  
David J. Madden ◽  
Linda K. Langley ◽  
Laura L. Denny ◽  
Timothy G. Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Word Identification

Positron emission tomography data (Madden, Langley, et al., 2002) were analyzed to investigate adult age differences in the relation between neural activation and the lexical (word frequency) and sublexical (word length) components of visual word identification. The differential influence of these components on reaction time (RT) for word/nonword discrimination (lexical decision) was generally similar for the two age groups, with word frequency accounting for a greater proportion of lexical decision RT variance relative to word length. The influence of word length on RT, however, was relatively greater for older adults. Activation in regions of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex was related to the RT changes associated with word frequency and length for older adults, but not for younger adults. Specifically, older adults' frequency effects were related to activation in both anterior (Brodmann's area [BA] 37) and posterior (BAs 17 and 18) regions of the occipito-temporal pathway, whereas word length effects were only associated with posterior activation (BA 17). We conclude that aging affects the neural mechanisms supporting word identification performance although behavioral measures of this ability are generally constant as a function of age.

scholarly journals Morphological priming of inflectional suffixes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Marjanovic ◽  
Davide Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Morphological Priming ◽  
Visual Word Identification ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Complex Words

Morphologically complex words are processed through their constituent morphemes during visual word recognition. While this has been primarily established through the stem priming paradigm, the role of shared affixes is more controversial. Also, most evidence on affix priming comes from derivation, while inflectional priming remains largely unaddressed. Here we present two lexical decision, masked priming experiments filling this gap. Taking advantage of the rich inflectional pattern of Slovene, we assessed inflectional suffix priming (mestam–HALJAM), and compared it to the well-established stem priming effect (haljov–HALJAM): while the latter is solid as expected, the former seems to be weak to non–existing. Results further indicate that there is no interaction between sharing a stem and sharing an inflectional suffix—neither stem nor suffix priming is boosted when primes and targets also share the other morpheme. These data indicate an important difference between stems, derivational affixes and inflectional affixes, which we consider in the context of models of visual word identification and information theory.

Orthographic processing in visual word identification

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn W Humphreys ◽  
Lindsay J Evett ◽  
Philip T Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Orthographic Processing ◽  
Visual Word Identification

Adult Age Differences in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Visual Word Identification: Evidence from H215O PET

NeuroImage ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Madden ◽  
Timothy G. Turkington ◽  
R.Edward Coleman ◽  
James M. Provenzale ◽  
Timothy R. DeGrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Visual Word Identification ◽  
H215o Pet

scholarly journals A general-purpose mechanism of visual feature association in visual word identification and beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamil Vidal ◽  
Eva Viviani ◽  
Davide Zoccolan ◽  
Davide Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Word Identification ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Visual Word Identification ◽  
Reading System

Writing systems are a recent cultural invention, which makes it unlikely that specific cognitive mechanisms have developed through selective pressure for reading itself. Instead, reading might capitalize on evolutionary older mechanisms that originally supported other tasks. Accordingly, animals such as baboons can be trained to perform visual word recognition. This suggests that the visual mechanisms supporting reading might be phylogenetically old and domain-general. Here we propose that if the human reading system relies on domain-general visual mechanisms, effects that are typically found within the domain of reading should also be observable with non-orthographic visual stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we systematically tested different types of visual material with the same experimental design. Subjects were passively familiarized with a set of composite visual items, and then tested in an oddball paradigm for their ability to detect novel stimuli. Some of these novel stimuli shared their statistical structure with the familiar items, and were found to be hard to detect in two experiments using strings of letter-like symbols; this replicates the well-known, and supposedly reading-specific, bigram effect. Crucially, in two further experiments we show that the same effect emerges with made-up, 3D objects and sinusoidal gratings. The effect size was equivalent across experiments, despite the use of radically different stimuli. These data suggest that a fundamental mechanism behind visual word learning also supports the learning of other visual stimuli, implying that such mechanism is general-purpose. This mechanism would enable the statistical learning of regularities in the visual environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document