scholarly journals Audience Design in Multiparty Conversation

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si On Yoon ◽  
Sarah Brown‐Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Audience Design ◽  
Multiparty Conversation

Aim Low: Mechanisms of Audience Design in Multiparty Conversation

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 566-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si On Yoon ◽  
Sarah Brown-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Audience Design ◽  
Multiparty Conversation

Partner-Specific Communication Deficits in Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eun Jin Paek ◽  
Si On Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Referential Communication ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Communication Task ◽  
Design Skills ◽  
Referential Expressions

Purpose Speakers adjust referential expressions to the listeners' knowledge while communicating, a phenomenon called “audience design.” While individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show difficulties in discourse production, it is unclear whether they exhibit preserved partner-specific audience design. The current study examined if individuals with AD demonstrate partner-specific audience design skills. Method Ten adults with mild-to-moderate AD and 12 healthy older adults performed a referential communication task with two experimenters (E1 and E2). At first, E1 and participants completed an image-sorting task, allowing them to establish shared labels. Then, during testing, both experimenters were present in the room, and participants described images to either E1 or E2 (randomly alternating). Analyses focused on the number of words participants used to describe each image and whether they reused shared labels. Results During testing, participants in both groups produced shorter descriptions when describing familiar images versus new images, demonstrating their ability to learn novel knowledge. When they described familiar images, healthy older adults modified their expressions depending on the current partner's knowledge, producing shorter expressions and more established labels for the knowledgeable partner (E1) versus the naïve partner (E2), but individuals with AD were less likely to do so. Conclusions The current study revealed that both individuals with AD and the control participants were able to acquire novel knowledge, but individuals with AD tended not to flexibly adjust expressions depending on the partner's knowledge state. Conversational inefficiency and difficulties observed in AD may, in part, stem from disrupted audience design skills.

Speaker Opportunism in Audience Design During Spoken Dialogue

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale J. Barr ◽  
Timothy M. Gann ◽  
Russell S. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Audience Design ◽  
Spoken Dialogue

scholarly journals Lexical Alignment to Non-native Speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173
Author(s):  
Iva Ivanova ◽  
Holly Branigan ◽  
Janet McLean ◽  
Albert Costa ◽  
Martin Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
British English ◽  
Correct Usage ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Communicative Success ◽  
Castilian Spanish ◽  
Conversation Partner

Two picture-matching-game experiments investigated if lexical-referential alignment to non-native speakers is enhanced by a desire to aid communicative success (by saying something the conversation partner can certainly understand), a form of audience design. In Experiment 1, a group of native speakers of British English that was not given evidence of their conversation partners’ picture-matching performance showed more alignment to non-native than to native speakers, while another group that was given such evidence aligned equivalently to the two types of speaker. Experiment 2, conducted with speakers of Castilian Spanish, replicated the greater alignment to non-native than native speakers without feedback. However, Experiment 2 also showed that production of grammatical errors by the confederate produced no additional increase of alignment even though making errors suggests lower communicative competence. We suggest that this pattern is consistent with another collaborative strategy, the desire to model correct usage. Together, these results support a role for audience design in alignment to non-native speakers in structured task-based dialogue, but one that is strategically deployed only when deemed necessary.

scholarly journals Masking auditory feedback does not eliminate repetition reduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Leigh Jacobs ◽  
Torrey M. Loucks ◽  
Duane Watson ◽  
Gary S. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Word Duration ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Internal Production

Repetition reduces word duration. Explanations of this process have appealed to audience design, internal production mechanisms, and combinations thereof (e.g. Kahn & Arnold, 2015). Jacobs, Yiu, Watson, and Dell (2015) proposed the auditory feedback hypothesis, which states that speakers must hear a word, produced either by themselves or another speaker, in order for duration reduction on a subsequent production. We conducted a strong test of the auditory feedback hypothesis in two experiments, in which we masked auditory feedback and whispering to prevent speakers from hearing themselves fully. Both experiments showed that despite limiting the sources of normal feedback, repetition reduction was observed to equal extents in masked and unmasked conditions, suggesting that repetition reduction may be supported by multiple sources, such as somatosensory feedback and feedforward signals, depending on their availability.

Bilingual referential choice in cognitively demanding situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Carla Contemori ◽  
Iva Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Cognitive Demand ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Audience Design ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Interface Hypothesis ◽  
Referential Choice

AbstractUnder the Interface Hypothesis, bilinguals’ non-nativelike referential choices may be influenced by the increased cognitive demands and less automatic processing of bilingual production. We test this hypothesis by comparing pronoun production in the L2 of nonbalanced Spanish–English bilinguals to that of English monolinguals in two cognitively challenging contexts. In Experiment 1, both monolinguals and bilinguals produced more explicit references when part of the information was unavailable to their addressee (privileged ground) than when all information was shared (common ground), evidencing audience design. In Experiment 2, verbal load led to more unspecified references than visual load and no load (an effect statistically indistinguishable between groups but numerically driven by the monolingual group). While bilinguals produced overall more pronouns than monolinguals in both experiments, there was no indication that bilinguals’ referential choice was disproportionally affected by increased cognitive demand, contrary to the predictions of the Interface Hypothesis.

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