scholarly journals Tracking the Time Course of Word-Frequency Effects in Auditory Word Recognition With Event-Related Potentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Dufour ◽  
Angèle Brunellière ◽  
Ulrich H. Frauenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Auditory Word Recognition ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Investigating the Time Course of Spoken Word Recognition: Electrophysiological Evidence for the Influences of Phonological Similarity

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Desroches ◽  
Randy Lynn Newman ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Related Potentials

Behavioral and modeling evidence suggests that words compete for recognition during auditory word identification, and that phonological similarity is a driving factor in this competition. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the temporal dynamics of different types of phonological competition (i.e., cohort and rhyme). ERPs were recorded during a novel picture–word matching task, where a target picture was followed by an auditory word that either matched the target (CONE–cone), or mismatched in one of three ways: rhyme (CONE–bone), cohort (CONE–comb), and unrelated (CONE–fox). Rhymes and cohorts differentially modulated two distinct ERP components, the phonological mismatch negativity and the N400, revealing the influences of prelexical and lexical processing components in speech recognition. Cohort mismatches resulted in late increased negativity in the N400, reflecting disambiguation of the later point of miscue and the combined influences of top–down expectations and misleading bottom–up phonological information on processing. In contrast, we observed a reduction in the N400 for rhyme mismatches, reflecting lexical activation of rhyme competitors. Moreover, the observed rhyme effects suggest that there is an interaction between phoneme-level and lexical-level information in the recognition of spoken words. The results support the theory that both levels of information are engaged in parallel during auditory word recognition in a way that permits both bottom–up and top–down competition effects.

scholarly journals On the Time Course of Visual Word Recognition: An Event-related Potential Investigation using Masked Repetition Priming

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Holcomb ◽  
Jonathan Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
Masked Repetition

The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of visual word recognition using a masked repetition priming paradigm. Participants monitored target words for occasional animal names, and ERPs were recorded to nonanimal critical items that were full repetitions, partial repetitions, or unrelated to the immediately preceding masked prime word. The results showed a strong modulation of the N400 and three earlier ERP components (P150, N250, and the P325) that we propose reflect sequential overlapping steps in the processing of printed words.

From Orthography to Phonetics: ERP Measures of Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Mechanisms in Reading

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mado Proverbio ◽  
Liza Vecchi ◽  
Alberto Zani
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Source Imaging ◽  
Pure Alexia ◽  
Related Potentials

Neuroimaging has provided evidence that the first stages of visual word recognition activate a visual word-form center localized in the left extrastriate cortex (fusiform gyrus). Accordingly, neurological cases of patients suffering from pure alexia reported the left posterior occipital lobe as the possible locus of orthographic analysis. There is less agreement in the literature about which brain structures are involved in the subsequent stages of word processing and, in particular, their time course of activation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic source imaging studies recently reported data that could indicate a dual route model of reading. These findings are particularly relevant to studies on the functional deficits associated with phonological and surface dyslexia. There is evidence for the existence of two different brain mechanisms supporting phonological processing in visual word recognition: one mechanism subserving “assembled phonology” for reading letter strings and another one subserving “addressed phonology” for reading meaningful words. However, available knowledge on the time course and neural locus of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion mechanisms in reading is still inadequate. In this study, we compared processing of meaningful and meaningless Italian words in a task requiring a phonemic/phonetic decision task. Stimuli were 1152 different orthographic stimuli presented in the central visual field. Half the stimuli were Italian words (with a high or low frequency of occurrence), the other half were meaningless strings of letters (legal pseudowords and letter strings). Event-related potentials were recorded from 28 scalp sites in 10 Italian university students. The task consisted of deciding about the presence/absence of a given “phone” in the hypothetical enunciation of word read: for example, “Is there a/k/in cheese?”. Results showed that lexical frequency and orthographical regularity affected linguistic processing within 150 msec poststimulus. Indeed, the amplitude of a centroparietal P150 varied as a function of stimulus type, being larger in response to high-frequency words than to lowfrequency ones and to words and pseudowords than to letter strings. This component might index visual categorization processes and recognition of familiar objects, being highly sensitive to orthographic regularity and “ill-formedness” of words. The amplitude of the P150 was the same in response to well-formed meaningless and to meaningful words, when these latter had a low lexical frequency. This might indicate that highly familiar words are recognized as meaningful unitary visual objects at very early stages of processing, through a visual route to an orthographic input lexicon. Moreover, the amplitude of the negativity recorded between 250 and 350 msec showed an anteroposterior topographic dissociation for access to the phonemic representation of wellor ill-formed strings of characters. Brain responses were larger over the left occipito-temporal regions during reading of words and pseudowords and over the left frontal regions during reading of letter strings.

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