PRICE‐PARITY ADJUSTMENTS SHOULDN'T BE A TRADE SECRET: STATE‐LEVEL PRICE PARITY AND ASSESSMENT OF COVENANTS NOT TO COMPETE ENFORCEABILITY

Indonesia is one of the countries that participated in ratifying TRIPs through Law No.7 of 1994 concerning Ratification of the Establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). As a consequence, Indonesia has an attachment to implementing the provisions in TRIPs which regulate the Intellectual Property Rights. Direct implementation of this policy, Indonesia has legislation in the areas of Copyright, Patents, Brands, Trade Secrets, Industrial Designs and Integrated Circuit Layout Designs. With regard to the birth of Law No.30 of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets, as one of the implementations of GATT TRIPs. Actually it does not mean that there were no laws and regulations regarding this matter beforehand. This regulation already exists only but these regulations have not been grouped as part of Intellectual Property Rights. Arrangements regarding the protection of Trade Secrets when referring to the TRIPs Agreement are regulated in Part II, namely: "Standard Concerns on Accessibility, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights, listed in Section 1, Article 9 through Section 8, Article 40. include provisions as The following are: Copyright and Related Rights, Trademarks, Geographical Indications, Indistrial Indications, Patents, Layout-Design (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits, Protection of Undisclosed Information, Control of Anti-Competitive Practice in Contractual Licenses.If you pay attention, actually there is no explicit protection for trade secrets, except for the provisions listed in section 7 regarding Undisclosed Information Protection. This article is then matched to become a Trade Secret. When viewed from other countries, actually not all have specific regulations regarding trade secrets, such as Australia, regulating trade secret provisions in breach of contracts and breach of confident, the United States only has regulations at the state level while at the federal level to date not yet exist, because this problem is also considered as a matter of civil matters only. The existence of a special law that regulates trade secrets, is expected to provide protection for the owners of trade secret rights so that they will spur and improve creativity or innovation in general, in order to develop their business. In addition, there is hope that it can overcome preventive and repressive fraud competition from fraudulent competitors who ignore the development of creativity and innovation.Keywords: Trade Secrets and TRIPs.

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Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi12.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Janet Deppe ◽

Marie Ireland

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Inspector General ◽

Medical Necessity ◽

School Settings ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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Policy Action on Obesity Mostly at State Level

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(07)71007-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (16) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

MARY ELLEN SCHNEIDER

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

Policy Action

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Perception of Emotional Expressions in Adults

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000183 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chit Yuen Yi ◽

Matthew W. E. Murry ◽

Amy L. Gentzler

Keyword(s):

Facial Expressions ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Emotion Perception ◽

State Level ◽

Past Research ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Basic Emotions ◽

Perceived Intensity ◽

Trait Level ◽

Facial Expressions Of Emotion

Abstract. Past research suggests that transient mood influences the perception of facial expressions of emotion, but relatively little is known about how trait-level emotionality (i.e., temperament) may influence emotion perception or interact with mood in this process. Consequently, we extended earlier work by examining how temperamental dimensions of negative emotionality and extraversion were associated with the perception accuracy and perceived intensity of three basic emotions and how the trait-level temperamental effect interacted with state-level self-reported mood in a sample of 88 adults (27 men, 18–51 years of age). The results indicated that higher levels of negative mood were associated with higher perception accuracy of angry and sad facial expressions, and higher levels of perceived intensity of anger. For perceived intensity of sadness, negative mood was associated with lower levels of perceived intensity, whereas negative emotionality was associated with higher levels of perceived intensity of sadness. Overall, our findings added to the limited literature on adult temperament and emotion perception.

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