Effectiveness of protected areas for vertebrates based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Quan ◽  
Xianli Che ◽  
Yongjie Wu ◽  
Yuchun Wu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity

Assessment of the network of protected areas for birds in Taiwan with regard to functional and phylogenetic diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hungyen Chen ◽  
Satoshi Nagai ◽  
Hirohisa Kishino
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

In Taiwan, conserved areas represent more than 20% of the current jurisdiction, which is about twice that of the proportion of protected land worldwide. In this study, we explored the spatial distribution of bird assemblages in Taiwan. By analysing functional and phylogenetic diversity relative to elevational gradient, we assessed the network of bird protected areas. Hotspots of species richness were located at the coastal areas of northern and western Taiwan, although hotspots for protected bird species were located in the mountain areas. We found that phylogenetically close birds have similar trait values, and the protected species were evenly distributed in the functional and phylogenetic trees. The assemblages in higher-elevation areas were more phylogenetically clumped than those in lower-elevation areas, indicating that, in addition to elevational gradient, phylogenetic constraint may be a crucial factor that influences bird distribution in Taiwan. However, the current bird protected areas in Taiwan may overly depend on species richness and overlook the importance of the overall phylogenetic diversity.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity and the north Andean Block conservation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar D. León-Alvarado ◽  
Daniel Miranda-Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
The North ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Suitable Index

The Northern Andean Block harbors high biodiversity, being one of the most important areas in the Neotropics, but the settlement of several human populations has triggered rapid transformations of the ecosystems, leading to the extinction or endangerment of many species. Phylogenetic diversity indices quantify the distinctness between species and, therefore, they are an adequate tool to evaluate conservation priority areas. Here we present a plausible phylogenetic scenario for conservation in the North Andean Block and the contribution of the protected areas to the phylogenetic diversity. Our results showed that the Average Taxonomic Distinctness index had the lowest correlation with richness and therefore it is the most suitable index. We found the highest index values in the areas of Magdalena, Páramo, and Cauca. Endemic species and protected areas did not contribute significantly to phylogenetic diversity. It is preferable to prioritize areas within adjacent and complementary cells, which belong to the upper quantile of the index value.

scholarly journals Iberian Protected Areas Capture Regional Functional, Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Diversity of Most Tetrapod Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Llorente-Culebras ◽  
Rafael Molina-Venegas ◽  
A. Márcia Barbosa ◽  
Silvia B. Carvalho ◽  
Miguel Á. Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Species Roles

Protected areas (PAs) have been created with the purpose of preserving biodiversity, acting as refuges from anthropogenic pressures. Traditionally, PAs have been designed and managed to represent mainly taxonomic diversity, ignoring other diversity facets such as its functional and phylogenetic components. Yet, functional and phylogenetic diversity are, respectively, connected with species’ roles on ecosystems and evolutionary history held within communities. Here, we focused on the amphibian, reptile, resident breeding bird, and non-flying mammal faunas of the national and natural parks of the Iberian Peninsula, to evaluate whether these PAs are adequately representing regional functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic diversity of each group. Specifically, we computed functional and phylogenetic diversity within each PA, and then compared those values to the ones obtained from a random assembly of species from the regional pool, that was defined as the region encompassing the PA and a neighboring area of 50 km beyond its boundary. We also calculated the proportion of species in each regional pool that were present within the PAs. In general, the functional and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians, reptiles and non-flying mammals found within PAs did not differ significantly from random expectations generated from the species pertaining to the regional pool, although a few PAs showed a higher diversity. In contrast, resident breeding birds presented lower functional and phylogenetic diversity than expected by chance in many of the PAs, which could relate to climatic variables and the habitat specificity of some species. The proportion of species from the regional pools that are present in the PAs was high for amphibians, reptiles and mammals, and slightly lower for birds. These results suggest that the Iberian natural and national parks are effectively capturing the functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of most tetrapod assemblages present at the regional level. Future studies should identify priority areas to expand the representation of these biodiversity components, and assess potential effects of climate and land-use changes on current patterns.

scholarly journals Spatial mismatch of phylogenetic diversity across three vertebrate groups and protected areas in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Zupan ◽  
Mar Cabeza ◽  
Luigi Maiorano ◽  
Cristina Roquet ◽  
Vincent Devictor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Mismatch

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity meets conservation policy: small areas are key to preserving eucalypt lineages

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1662) ◽  
pp. 20140007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Pollock ◽  
Dan F. Rosauer ◽  
Andrew H. Thornhill ◽  
Heini Kujala ◽  
Michael D. Crisp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
State Area ◽  
Regional Conservation

Evolutionary and genetic knowledge is increasingly being valued in conservation theory, but is rarely considered in conservation planning and policy. Here, we integrate phylogenetic diversity (PD) with spatial reserve prioritization to evaluate how well the existing reserve system in Victoria, Australia captures the evolutionary lineages of eucalypts, which dominate forest canopies across the state. Forty-three per cent of remaining native woody vegetation in Victoria is located in protected areas (mostly national parks) representing 48% of the extant PD found in the state. A modest expansion in protected areas of 5% (less than 1% of the state area) would increase protected PD by 33% over current levels. In a recent policy change, portions of the national parks were opened for development. These tourism development zones hold over half the PD found in national parks with some species and clades falling entirely outside of protected zones within the national parks. This approach of using PD in spatial prioritization could be extended to any clade or area that has spatial and phylogenetic data. Our results demonstrate the relevance of PD to regional conservation policy by highlighting that small but strategically located areas disproportionally impact the preservation of evolutionary lineages.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic diversity and the north Andean Block conservation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar D. León-Alvarado ◽  
Daniel Miranda-Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
The North ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Suitable Index

The Northern Andean Block harbors high biodiversity, being one of the most important areas in the Neotropics, but the settlement of several human populations has triggered rapid transformations of the ecosystems, leading to the extinction or endangerment of many species. Phylogenetic diversity indices quantify the distinctness between species and, therefore, they are an adequate tool to evaluate conservation priority areas. Here we present a plausible phylogenetic scenario for conservation in the North Andean Block and the contribution of the protected areas to the phylogenetic diversity. Our results showed that the Average Taxonomic Distinctness index had the lowest correlation with richness and therefore it is the most suitable index. We found the highest index values in the areas of Magdalena, Páramo, and Cauca. Endemic species and protected areas did not contribute significantly to phylogenetic diversity. It is preferable to prioritize areas within adjacent and complementary cells, which belong to the upper quantile of the index value.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anielly Galego de Oliveira ◽  
Oscar Peláez ◽  
Angelo Antonio Agostinho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in the Paraná-Paraguay basin on multiple facets of ichthyofauna, both currently and in future climate change scenarios, based on reaching the 17% of conserved terrestrial and inland water defined by Aichi Target 11. Analyses were carried out vis-à-vis a distribution of 496 native species, modeling for the present and for the future, and in moderate and pessimistic scenarios of greenhouse gases. We calculated species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity, overlapping the combination of these facets with the PAs. The results indicate that the current PAs of the Paraná-Paraguay basin are not efficient in protecting the richest areas of ichthyofauna in their multiple facets. While there is a larger overlap between PAs and the richest areas in phylogenetic diversity, the values are too low (2.37%). Currently, the overlap between PAs and areas with larger species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity is only 1.48%. Although this value can increase for future projections, the values of the indices decrease substantially. The relevant aquatic environments, biological communities, and climate change should be considered as part of the systematic planning of PAs that take into consideration the terrestrial environments and their threats.

How effective are protected areas in conserving tree taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forests?

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dutra Saraiva ◽  
Anita Stival dos Santos ◽  
Gerhard Ernst Overbeck ◽  
Eduardo Luís Hettwer Giehl ◽  
João André Jarenkow
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity
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