scholarly journals Impact of payments for environmental services and protected areas on local livelihoods and forest conservation in northern Cambodia

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clements ◽  
E. J. Milner‐Gulland
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Local Livelihoods

scholarly journals Additionality and Leakage Resulting from PES Implementation? Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazonia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Fernando Gordillo ◽  
Paul Eguiguren ◽  
Margret Köthke ◽  
Rubén Ferrer Velasco ◽  
Peter Elsasser
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Before And After

Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are instruments which seem well suited for forest conservation. However, their impact on reducing deforestation might be weakened by negligible additionality and leakage effects; the first refers to the low variation in net deforestation rates even in the absence of PES, and the second refers to the displaced deforestation behavior to other areas not covered by PES. For the case of Ecuador, we examine both issues by assessing the historical deforestation trend of selected PES-enrolled areas and that of their adjacent areas to identify deforestation patterns before and after PES implementation. We analyze the additional effect of PES on reducing deforestation by comparison to a baseline as well as to comparable reference sites at two different spatial scales. We also analyze potential leakage effects of PES by comparing deforestation development in adjacent areas. We show that PES has achieved marginally low conservation impacts in enrolled areas with an average difference in net deforestation rates of 0.02 percent points over a period of 28 years. Overall, PES-enrolled areas depict lower annual net deforestation rates than unenrolled areas, albeit at a negligible rate, and there is also some evidence that deforestation decreased in adjacent areas after PES implementation. Additionally, there exists a statistically significant linear increasing deforestation trend in adjacent areas as distance increases from the PES-enrolled area. Our empirical results, however, raise the suspicion that the choice of PES-enrolled areas might have been influenced by self-selection.

scholarly journals Estimate the Impact of Payments for Environmental Services on Local Livelihoods and Environment: An Application of Propensity Scores

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110407
Author(s):  
Thang Quyet Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Tan Huynh ◽  
Wen-Kai K. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
The Impact

Payments for environmental services (PES) are usually considered as a useful tool to both protect the environment and generate multiple income streams for mountainous households who receive the payments, and thus, it has been widely implementing in many developing countries so far; however, the impact of it on local livelihoods and environment has been questioned. Therefore, the article aimed to evaluate the Vietnamese PES scheme’s effect on both environment and local livelihoods by surveying 282 households living in Quang Nam, Vietnam, and utilized the propensity score matching (PSM) technique to investigate the intervention policy’s influence. Furthermore, to evaluate PES’s effect on the environment, the article used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a measure of the photosynthetic level of forest trees. The calculation of NDVI relied on satellite images downloaded from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The results indicated that (a) the natural forest status has been improved during PES implementation compared with that of pre-PES period regarding total forest areas, percentage of forest coverage, and vegetation cover; and (b) PES-participants have got a significantly lower income than nonparticipants regarding total annual income, agricultural income, and hired labor income. The limitation is that the impact of interventions on livelihoods and the environment is determined by the mutual combination of implemented programs rather than only the PES regime. So, we highly recommend that the future study separate the PES scheme’s actual impact to precisely evaluate the PES project’s effect on financial and environmental outcomes.

scholarly journals No sense of ownership in weak participation: a forest conservation experiment in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind Nystad Handberg
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Institutional Performance ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Tropical Forest Conservation ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
The Given

AbstractSense of ownership is often advocated as an argument for local participation within the epistemic development and nature conservation communities. Stakeholder participation in initiating, designing or implementing institutions is claimed to establish a sense of ownership among the stakeholders and subsequently improve the intended outcomes of the given institution. Theoretical and empirical justifications of the hypothesis remain scarce. A better understanding of the effects of local participation can motivate more extensive and stronger participation of local stakeholders and improve institutional performance. This paper applies theories from psychology and behavioral economics to sense of ownership. The empirical investigation is a framed field experiment in the context of tropical forest conservation and payments for environmental services in Tanzania. The results lend little support to the hypothesis in this context. The participation treatment in the experiment is weak, and a possible explanation is that sense of ownership is sensitive to the participation form.

Payments for environmental services in the protected areas of the Philippines

2013 ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan M. Hess ◽  
Eugenia C. Bennagen ◽  
Anabeth Indab-San Gregorio ◽  
Janet A. R. Amponin ◽  
Pieter J. H. Van Beukering
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services

scholarly journals Payments for environmental services, gendered livelihoods and forest management in Vietnam: a feminist political ecology perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
Wouter Tuijnman ◽  
Mucahid M Bayrak ◽  
Pham Xuan Hung ◽  
Bui Duc Tinh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Feminist Political Ecology ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Gendered Roles

Economic approaches to combat environmental degradation and deforestation have resulted in development initiatives such as the Payment for Environmental Services program (PES). This study deals with the effects of PES on women's livelihoods in Thuong Lo commune, Central Vietnam. Employing a feminist political ecology perspective and adopting a qualitative approach, we analyze the gendered roles, responsibilities and effects of PES on local livelihoods. We found that the women in our study portrayed different preferences and knowledge in relation to PES, forest management and livelihoods. Women are often excluded in PES projects due to a range of various socio-cultural factors.Keywords: Payments for Environmental Services; forest management; gender; women's empowerment; livelihoods; Central Vietnam; Co Tu people

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