scholarly journals MicroRNA-219 decreases hippocampal long-term potentiation inhibition and hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by suppressing the NMDAR signaling pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Zheng-Wen Chen ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Muyasi Shaer ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation

scholarly journals Wushenziye Formula Inhibits Pancreatic β Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via MEK-ERK-Caspase-3 Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Tian ◽  
Hong Chang ◽  
Xiaojin La ◽  
Ji-an Li ◽  
Leilei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Min6 Cells

Background. Wushenziye formula (WSZYF), composed of Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, Mori fructus, Mori folium, and Cassiae semen, is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms of WSZYF on inhibiting pancreatic β cell apoptosis and improving insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM. Methods. A T2DM model was induced by Goto-Kakizaki diabetes prone rats. Cell apoptosis model was induced in MIN6 cells. Results. In vivo, WSZYF decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin concentration, insulin resistance index, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acids (FFA) in T2DM rats. Meanwhile, WSZYF ameliorated impairments in the morphology and structure of pancreatic tissues. In vitro, WSZYF enhanced cell viability and promoted insulin secretion in the apoptosis model of MIN6 cells. Furthermore, WSZYF modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related molecules by increasing the expressions of MEK1/2, p-MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 and decreasing the cleaved-caspase-3 expression. Conclusion. These findings indicate that WSZYF may become a new drug candidate in the treatment of T2DM and its antidiabetic mechanism is probably inhibiting pancreatic β cell apoptosis by modulating the MEK-ERK-Caspase-3 signaling pathway.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Patients (Pts) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Inadequately Controlled with Metformin (MET) Monotherapy—104-Week VERTIS MET Trial

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1129-P
Author(s):  
SILVINA GALLO ◽  
BERNARD CHARBONNEL ◽  
ALLISON GOLDMAN ◽  
HARRY SHI ◽  
SUSAN HUYCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Term Efficacy

scholarly journals Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in heart and liver-related complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199759
Author(s):  
Jiajia Tian ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

Aims To analyze expression of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the heart and liver in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our overall goal was to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS) in a rat model of T2DM. Expression of members of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as downstream cytokines was investigated. Levels of mRNA and protein were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Protein content of tissue homogenates was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Diabetic rats had lower body weights, higher FBG, higher FINS, and higher intraperitoneal glucose tolerance than normal rats. In addition, biochemical indicators related to heart and liver function were elevated in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. TLR4 and MyD88 were involved in the occurrence of T2DM as well as T2DM-related heart and liver complications. TLR4 caused T2DM-related heart and liver complications through activation of NF-κB. Conclusions TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to the heart- and liver-related complications of T2DM.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling and Biological Pathway(s) Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Pakistani Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5866
Author(s):  
Zarish Noreen ◽  
Christopher A. Loffredo ◽  
Attya Bhatti ◽  
Jyothirmai J. Simhadri ◽  
Gail Nunlee-Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Small Pilot Study

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important global health concern. Our earlier epidemiological investigation in Pakistan prompted us to conduct a molecular investigation to decipher the differential genetic pathways of this health condition in relation to non-diabetic controls. Our microarray studies of global gene expression were conducted on the Affymetrix platform using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to associate the affected genes with their canonical pathways. High-throughput qRT-PCR TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) was performed to validate the selected differentially expressed genes of our interest, viz., ARNT, LEPR, MYC, RRAD, CYP2D6, TP53, APOC1, APOC2, CYP1B1, SLC2A13, and SLC33A1 using a small population validation sample (n = 15 cases and their corresponding matched controls). Overall, our small pilot study revealed a discrete gene expression profile in cases compared to controls. The disease pathways included: Insulin Receptor Signaling, Type II Diabetes Mellitus Signaling, Apoptosis Signaling, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling, p53 Signaling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, Parkinson’s Signaling, Molecular Mechanism of Cancer, and Cell Cycle G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, GABA Receptor Signaling, Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathway, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, Sirtuin Signaling Pathway, Oxidative Phosphorylation, LXR/RXR Activation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction, strongly consistent with the evidence from epidemiological studies. These gene fingerprints could lead to the development of biomarkers for the identification of subgroups at high risk for future disease well ahead of time, before the actual disease becomes visible.

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