scholarly journals Biogeography of the freshwater fishes of the Guianas using a partitioned parsimony analysis of endemicity with reappraisal of ecoregional boundaries

Cladistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lemopoulos ◽  
Raphaël Covain
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

scholarly journals Detection of areas of endemism on two spatial scales using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE): the Neotropical region and the Atlantic Forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽  
Claudio José Barros de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An important biological challenge today is the conservation of biodiversity. Biogeography, the study of the distribution patterns of organisms, is an important tool for this challenge. Endemism, the co-occurrence of several species unique to the same area, has important implications for the preservation of biodiversity, since many areas of endemism are also areas with large human impact. More rigorously defined, areas of endemism are historical units of distributional congruence of monophyletic taxa. These areas often assumed to be due to nonrandom historical events that favored conditions associated with high rates of speciation. Thus, understanding endemism and the delimitation of endemic areas has important implications for conservation. Today, most studies delimit areas of endemism by superimposing maps of distribution for various species. This approach suffers from arbitrary delimitations, however, when a great distributional data is used. In this paper we used the method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on georeferenced quadrats in order to delimit areas of endemism. This modality of the method is important due to its testable nature and can also be used to infer area relationships. We applied the method to raw distributional data from 19 unrelated taxa to delimit general patterns of endemism in the Neotropical Region and in the Atlantic forest domain using different grid scales. Neotropical areas found are comprised over the Panama region, northern Andean region and the Atlantic forest. Atlantic forest showed a major division into two distinct components (northern x southern). Endemic areas delimited using smaller scale grids on the Atlantic forest should be considered for conservation priorities once they showed endemism at regional and local scales. The results were also compared to other studies using different taxa and methods. Finally, some considerations on the analysis scale and future perspectives of the method are presented.

Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO DE SANTANA CARVALHO ◽  
NAYLA FÁBIA FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
HELDER F. P. DE ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

Rivers as barriers to dispersal and past forest refugia are two of the hypotheses proposed to explain the patterns of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. It has recently been shown that possible past refugia correspond to bioclimatically different regions, so we tested whether patterns of shared distribution of bird taxa in the Atlantic Forest are 1) limited by the Doce and São Francisco rivers or 2) associated with the bioclimatically different southern and northeastern regions. We catalogued lists of forest birds from 45 locations, 36 in the Atlantic forest and nine in Amazon, and used parsimony analysis of endemicity to identify groups of shared taxa. We also compared differences between these groups by permutational multivariate analysis of variance and identified the species that best supported the resulting groups. The results showed that the distribution of forest birds is divided into two main regions in the Atlantic Forest, the first with more southern localities and the second with northeastern localities. This distributional pattern is not delimited by riverbanks, but it may be associated with bioclimatic units, surrogated by altitude, that maintain current environmental differences between two main regions on Atlantic Forest and may be related to phylogenetic histories of taxa supporting the two groups. 

Corrigenda — standard assumptions for biogeographica analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Nelson ◽  
P Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
North American ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
North American Freshwater ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Spurious Results

Reanalysis of Mayden's data on distribution and relationships of North American freshwater fishes reveals weaknesses of the analytical protocol termed Brooks' Parsimony Analysis (BPA). Standard assumptions 2, 1, and 0 are explored with reference to suites of 3-area statements contained in cladograms of species. Component analysis proved effective for all assumptions for the freshwater fish data whereas BPA yielded results not optimal for any assumption. For Rosen's data on Heterandria and Xiphophoms, component analysis proved effective for assumption 2 whereas results from other methods proved effective for assumptions 1 and 0. Analysis of widespread species indicates that, when they are used to build area cladograms, they cause spurious results. Assumptions 1 and 0 are sensitive to these spurious effects.

Catalogue of Blattaria (Insecta) from Argentina

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2726 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO ANTONIO CRESPO ◽  
ALEJANDRA DEL CARMEN VALVERDE ◽  
MONICA SANDRA IGLESIAS
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Biogeographic Provinces ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An updated catalogue is given of the cockroach species recorded in Argentina. It includes a list of species, their distribution in the different provinces of the country, the institutions in which the type specimens are deposited, and an updated list of references. The results indicate 87 (plus 2 incertae sedis) species, included in 4 families, 12 subfamilies and 40 currently recognized genera. A few species are widely spread across the country, but 35% (29 + 2 incertae sedis) are only known to occur in Argentina. The biotic affinities of the biogeographic provinces were studied. The data analysis corresponds with the major areas of influence: the Neotropical and Andean regions. A parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was performed. The Parana Forest, Pampa and Chaco biogeographic provinces are supported by numerous endemic species. The families Blaberidae, Blattellidae and Phyllodromiidae include 90% of the species. The cockroach fauna from Argentina is still poorly known and the number of species undoubtedly is higher. The primary homonym of Chorisoneura minuta Rocha e Silva & Aguiar, 1977 was replaced with Chorisoneura rochaesilvae nom. n.

Standard assumptions for biogeographica analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
G Nelson ◽  
P Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
North American ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
North American Freshwater ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Spurious Results

Reanalysis of Mayden's data on distribution and relationships of North American freshwater fishes reveals weaknesses of the analytical protocol termed Brooks' Parsimony Analysis (BPA). Standard assumptions 2, 1, and 0 are explored with reference to suites of 3-area statements contained in cladograms of species. Component analysis proved effective for all assumptions for the freshwater fish data whereas BPA yielded results not optimal for any assumption. For Rosen's data on Heterandria and Xiphophoms, component analysis proved effective for assumption 2 whereas results from other methods proved effective for assumptions 1 and 0. Analysis of widespread species indicates that, when they are used to build area cladograms, they cause spurious results. Assumptions 1 and 0 are sensitive to these spurious effects.

Selecting priority conservation areas based on zooplankton diversity: the case of Mediterranean wetlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Gilbert ◽  
Inmaculada de Vicente ◽  
Raquel Jiménez-Melero ◽  
Gema Parra ◽  
Francisco Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Wetlands ◽  
Species Occurrences ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity ◽  
Conservation Decisions

A set of Mediterranean wetlands has been studied in order to identify priority areas for conservation using zooplankton assemblages. We also measure the degree of nestedness to determine the best strategy for conservation of zooplankton diversity. The present study was conducted in 29 wetlands located in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Two complementary approaches were used, cluster analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE), with a presence–absence data matrix, in order to group wetlands as a function of zooplankton composition. To select conservation areas, four different criteria were used: species richness; exclusive species occurrences; the number of wetlands in which species appeared; and phylogenetic diversity. The results showed the existence of three different zones (subgroups of wetlands). Using the same method, a significant nestedness among wetlands was also observed independently of the method used to group them. The conservation proposal included 98% of the total species and 41.4% of the studied wetlands. This work confirms that zooplankton assemblages are essential for making wetland conservation decisions and for the identification of areas with connectivity (fluxes of species) in which efforts should be more intense to preserve their biodiversity.

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