Sustainable Cycling for all? Race and Gender–Based Bicycling Inequalities in Portland, Oregon

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1202
Author(s):  
Amy Lubitow ◽  
Kyla Tompkins ◽  
Madeleine Feldman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Amidst findings of increased bicycling in the United States, research continues to demonstrate that women and racial minorities are underrepresented as cyclists in the United States (Buehler and Pucher 2012). While quantitative data may reveal estimates of these disparities, we know little about the motivations or deterrents related to cycling as they are experienced by individuals. This article draws from 30 in–depth interviews with women and people of color in Portland, Oregon to clarify ongoing barriers to bicycling that prevent those who own a bike (and are thus not limited strictly by economic barriers) from becoming more routine cyclists. Findings suggest that barriers for marginalized cyclists range from concerns about development and gentrification to overt racial and gender discrimination experienced while riding. These findings suggest that cycling mobilities are critically linked to intersecting and overlapping identities and those efforts to increase diversity in bike ridership must acknowledge the unique challenges experienced by marginalized groups. We conclude this article by offering suggestions from research participants regarding interventions that might reduce social barriers to biking.

P134 PREVALENCE OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES BETWEEN 2014 AND 2019: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S27-S28
Author(s):  
Emad Mansoor ◽  
Mohannad Abou-Saleh ◽  
Muhammad Talal Sarmini ◽  
Vijit Chouhan ◽  
Miguel Regueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The role of dairy foods in the continued symptomatology of patients with IBD is unclear. This is in part due to limited data on epidemiology of lactose intolerance (LI) in IBD. We sought to utilize a large population based database to evaluate the prevalence of LI in IBD. Methods We queried a commercial database (Explorys Inc, Cleveland, OH), an aggregate of Electronic Health Record data from 26 major integrated healthcare systems in the US from 1999 to 2019. We identified an aggregated patient cohort of eligible patients with a diagnosis of “Crohn’s disease” (CD) and “Ulcerative Colitis” (UC) between June 2014 and 2019, based on Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine – Clinical Terms. We calculated the prevalence LI in IBD overall, and among different age, race and gender based sub-groups and identified risk factors for LI in IBD. Results Of the 35,521,930 individuals in the database from October 2014–2019, we identified 165,750 and 140,640 individuals with a diagnosis of CD and UC with overall prevalence rates of 0.47% and 0.4% respectively. The prevalence of LI in individuals without IBD was 0.2%. Compared to individuals without IBD, the prevalence of LI in CD was increased at 0.9% [OR: 4.56, 95% CI: 4.33–4.81, p<0.0001] and prevalence of LI in UC was increased at 0.8% [OR: 4.03, 95% CI: 3.80–4.28, p<0.0001] (Figure 1). The prevalence of LI in CD was increased in: females at 0.98% vs males at 0.77% [OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41, p<0.0001]; African-Americans at 1.52% vs Caucasians at 0.87% [OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.50–2.00, p<0.0001] and children (<18yo) at 2.39% vs adults (≥18yo) at 0.88% [OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 2.13–3.60, p<0.0001]. The prevalence of LI in UC was increased in: females at 0.91% vs males at 0.64% [OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.25–1.60, p<0.0001]; African-Americans at 1.45% vs Caucasians at 0.78% [OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.55–2.19, p<0.0001] and children (<18yo) at 1.8% vs adults (≥18yo) at 0.79% [OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.46–3.57, p=0.0003]. Conclusions This is one of the first large studies to date that has described the prevalence of LI in IBD in the United States. We found that the prevalence of LI to be increased nearly 4-fold in IBD. We recommend screening for LI in IBD patients with active symptoms to delineate active disease from symptomatology due to LI.

scholarly journals Balancing race, gender, and responsibility: Conversations with four black women in educational leadership in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 174114322199183
Author(s):  
Natasha N Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Educational Leadership ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

This article focuses on equitable leadership and its intersection with related yet distinct concepts salient to social justice pertinent to women and minorities in educational leadership. This piece is rooted and framed within the context of the United States of America, and the major concepts include identity, equity, and intersectionality—specific to the race-gender dyad—manifested within the realm of educational leadership. The objective is to examine theory and research in this area and to discuss the role they played in this study of the cultures of four Black women, all senior-level leaders within the realm of K-20 education in the United States. This work employed the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology, focusing on the intersecting factors—race and gender, specifically—that impact these women’s ability and capability to perform within the educational sector. The utilization of in-depth, timed, semi-structured interviews allowed participants to reflect upon their experiences and perceptions as Black women who have navigated and continue to successfully navigate the highest levels of the educational leadership sphere. Contributors’ recounted stories of navigation within spaces in which they are underrepresented revealed the need for more research specific to the intricacies of Black women’s leadership journeys in the context of the United States.

How race and gender shape the development of social prototypes in the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan F. Lei ◽  
Rachel A. Leshin ◽  
Kelsey Moty ◽  
Emily Foster-Hanson ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Mexican Immigrant Understandings of Empire, Race, and Gender

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Flores
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Immigrant ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Mexican Culture ◽  
And Gender

This chapter compares liberal and traditionalist understandings of empire, race, and gender to explain why liberals often declined U.S. citizenship and why traditionalists became more amenable to U.S. naturalization. Mexican liberals defined themselves as anti-imperialist mestizos and, in Chicago, they joined with Puerto Ricans and Nicaraguans to protest U.S. imperialism. Most liberals rebuffed U.S. naturalization, in part, because they were put off by U.S. imperialism, racism, and gender norms. By contrast, traditionalists celebrated the United States for granting them religious freedom, and challenged the liberals by exalting all that was Catholic and thus Spanish and white in Mexican culture. In so doing, traditionalists became more open to a U.S. understanding of whiteness and citizenship, and many traditionalists decided they could create new lives for themselves in the United States.

Redesigning GE Language

2022 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Paula Cronovich ◽  
Jacqueline Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Diverse Groups

This case study delineates changes enacted in the cultural program for beginning-level Spanish language students at a private, faith-based university. Given the restrictions of the pandemic insofar as virtual teaching and learning, as well as the national and international context of racial strife and inequities, the instructors took the opportunity to utilize antiracist pedagogy in order to reach the goals of meaningful content and measurable student outcomes. One of the General Education learning outcomes demonstrates how well students understand the “complex issues faced by diverse groups in global and/or cross-cultural contexts.” Within the context of Latin America and the Latina/Latino experience in the United States, the assignments focus on the intersections of race and gender as they relate to cultural expressions, ensuring that the approach does not obfuscate contributions nor realities of people of color.

Victimization, Cultural Imperatives, and Empowerment of People of Color in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Tamanna M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Crimes Against Women

The high incidence of violent crimes in the United States of America, which include mass shootings, hate crimes, Islam bashing, murders, extortion, crimes against women and children, and white supremacist crimes, witnessed in last few years is a cause for great concern. The land of liberty is lately seeing increasing victimization of deprived or socially unempowered groups. This chapter looks at such victimization and the cultural supremacy that is giving rise to ethnic strife among people. It is argued that robust and well-evolved policies will reduce crime and empower marginalized groups, a majority of whom are women and children. The empowerment—social, cultural, economic, and political—and recognition of the challenge of victimization is the only solution. There is a need to recognize the egalitarian impulses for a better policy formulation devoid of prejudice to craft a secure future for the victims.

Indigenous Journalisms

Reckoning ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 160-199
Author(s):  
Candis Callison ◽  
Mary Lynn Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethical Consideration ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
And Gender

Chapter 6 draws on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Indigenous journalists in Canada and the United States who have been addressing colonialism, race, and gender in their journalism all along. Indigenous journalists articulate the challenges of working in and among mainstream media that has largely erased and misrepresented Indigenous voices, communities, and concerns on a range of issues. They undertake a differentiated set of approaches that draw on journalism ideals and get at deeper problems structurally such that transformation within journalism as profession, identity, and method might be possible. As a result, Indigenous journalists are using digital media to transform journalism methods, decolonizing journalism ideals like “fairness and balance” by drawing from Indigenous knowledge, histories, and relational frameworks. This chapter provides a bookend to Chapter 1 by offering a pathway into discussing not only new bases for ethical consideration but also provides examples of some of the multiple journalisms available through digital media.

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