Disentangling the Effects of Race and Place in Economic Transactions: Findings from an Online Field Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Besbris ◽  
Jacob William Faber ◽  
Patrick Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Markets ◽  
Racial Stigma ◽  
Race And Place ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Scholarship on discrimination consistently shows that non–Whites are at a disadvantage in obtaining goods and services relative to Whites. To a lesser extent, recent work has asked whether or not place of residence may also affect individuals’ chances in economic markets. In this study, we use a field experiment in an online market for second–hand goods to examine transactional opportunities for White, Black, Asian, and Latino residents of both advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our results show that sellers prefer transactional partners who live in advantaged neighborhoods to those who live in neighborhoods that are majority non–White and have higher rates of poverty. This was true across all four racial/ethnic groups, revealing that neighborhood stigma exists independently of racial stigma. We discuss the implications for scholarship on neighborhood effects and we outline how future research using experiments can leverage various types of markets to better specify when characteristics like race trigger discrimination.

scholarly journals Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
S Scott Ogletree ◽  
Jing Huei Huang ◽  
Claudia Alberico ◽  
Oriol Marquet ◽  
Myron F Floyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Latino Parents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Public parks offer free and easy to access spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children’s outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities.  Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children’s physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Past studies have posited there are significant differences across racial/ethnic populations in preferred park characteristics, but few have investigated specific park attributes parents from different racial and ethnic groups desire for their children. This study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA. Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks. Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for Experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks and children’s physical activity.

Neighborhood Effects on the Self-Rated Health of Older Adults from Four Racial/Ethnic Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Ko ◽  
Yuri Jang ◽  
Nan Sook Park ◽  
Sung Han Rhew ◽  
David A. Chiriboga
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians: Toward a New Generation of Benchmarks

2021 ◽  
pp. 107808742110169
Author(s):  
Michael R. Smith ◽  
Rob Tillyer ◽  
Mitchell Smith ◽  
Caleb D. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Future Research ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This paper extends the stop and frisk literature from New York City by examining pedestrian stops made by San Jose, California, police officers from January 2013 through March 2016 with a particular focus on benchmarking. Using violent crime suspects and nuisance-related calls for service (CFS) as comparators, we consider whether San Jose Police Department (SJPD) officers disproportionately stopped individuals from the city’s dominant racial and ethnic groups citywide and in certain police beats with high levels of nuisance calls. Using violent crime suspects citywide as a benchmark, Whites were significantly overrepresented among those stopped by the police while Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks were underrepresented. The CFS findings at the beat level were consistent with the citywide findings for Blacks but reversed direction for Hispanics and varied for Asians depending upon beat and call type. We discuss possible reasons for this divergence across benchmarks and racial/ethnic groups and consider the implications for future research.

Diabetes Knowledge, Management, and Prevention Among Haitian Immigrants in Philadelphia

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda K. Moise ◽  
Donaldson F. Conserve ◽  
Bilikisu Elewonibi ◽  
Lori A. Francis ◽  
Rhonda BeLue
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Purpose Guided by the PEN-3 Cultural Model, the purpose of this study is to generate culturally framed insight into diabetes knowledge, management, and prevention among Haitians. Despite the disproportionate distribution of type II diabetes mellitus among US minorities, limited research explores outcomes within racial ethnic groups. It is particularly important to disaggregate the large racial-ethnic groups of black given the population growth among foreign-born blacks, such as Haitians, whose population has more than quadrupled in recent decades. Methods Focus group interviews were employed to understand diabetes knowledge, management, and prevention in the Haitian immigrant population in Philadelphia. Interviews were conducted in 2 groups: (1) people living with diabetes and (2) an at-risk sample for diabetes (defined as 30 and older with self-reported family history of diabetes). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim in preparation for content analysis. Results Of the 10 participants, who were recruited through a Philadelphia church-based population, ages ranged from 41 to 91, with an average of 65. Content analysis revealed 3 emergent themes across: (1) cultural identity, including person, extended family, and neighborhood; (2) relationships and expectations, including perceptions, enablers, and nurturers; and (3) cultural empowerment, including positive, existential, and negative. Conclusions Results may inform culturally appropriate diabetes interventions for Haitians. Future research should explore compliance with food recommendations as well as the cultural competency of health care professional’s information delivery.

Expanding Understanding of Racial-Ethnic Differences in ADHD Prevalence Rates among Children to Include Asians and Alaskan Natives/American Indians

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110279
Author(s):  
Ashlyn W. W. A. Wong ◽  
Scott D. Landes
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
White Children ◽  
Alaskan Natives ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background Prior studies show that ADHD prevalence rates vary by race-ethnicity, but these studies do not include a full range of racial-ethnic minority groups. Objective This study aimed to understand differences in ADHD prevalence among children across a wider range of racial-ethnic groups, overall and stratified by biological sex. Method Data on children aged 5 to 17 from the 2004 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey Sample Child Files were used in analyses ( N = 120,129). Results Compared to Non-Hispanic White children, ADHD prevalence was lower among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Asian children. This difference was present for both males and females. Across all racial-ethnic groups, males had higher ADHD prevalence than females. Conclusion Results from this study provide further evidence that racial-ethnic disparities in ADHD prevalence rates persist across sex and provide initial evidence of substantially lower ADHD prevalence among Non-Hispanic Asians. Implications, limitations, and future research directions derived from the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Who is a scientist? The relationship between counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists and the STEM major intentions of Black and Latinx male and female students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Nguyen ◽  
Catherine Riegle-Crumb
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
College Majors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Despite the diverse student population in the USA, the labor force in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) does not reflect this reality. While restrictive messages about who belongs in STEM likely discourage students, particularly female and minoritized students, from entering these fields, extant research on this topic is typically focused on the negative impact of stereotypes regarding math ability, or the existence of stereotypes about the physical appearance of scientists. Instead, this study builds on the limited body of research that captures a more comprehensive picture of students’ views of scientists, including not only the type of work that they do but also the things that interest them. Specifically, utilizing a sample of approximately 1000 Black and Latinx adolescents, the study employs an intersectional lens to examine whether the prevalence of counter-stereotypical views of scientists, and the association such views have on subsequent intentions to pursue STEM college majors, varies among students from different gender and racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Black female students, Latinx male students). Results While about half of Black and Latinx students reported holding counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists, this is significantly more common among female students of color, and among Black female students in particular. Results from logistic regression models indicate that, net of control variables, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists predicts both young men’s and women’s intentions to major in computer science and engineering, but not intentions to major in either physical science or mathematics. Additionally, among Black and Latinx male students, counter-stereotypical perceptions of scientists are related to a higher likelihood of intending to major in biological sciences. Conclusions The results support the use of an intersectional approach to consider how counter-stereotypical beliefs about scientists differ across gender and racial/ethnic groups. Importantly, the results also suggest that among Black and Latinx youth, for both female and male students, holding counter-stereotypical beliefs promotes intentions to enter particular STEM fields in which they are severely underrepresented. Implications of these findings and directions for future research, specifically focusing on minoritized students, which are often left out in this body of literature, are discussed.

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