Eclipsing Community? Neighborhood Disadvantage, Social Mechanisms, and Neighborly Attitudes and Behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Neighborhood Satisfaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates how objective neighborhood characteristics influence attitudinal and behavioral dimensions of community social organization. Grounded in ecological and neighborhood effects traditions, I extend prior inquiries by adjudicating the social mechanisms that link neighborhood disadvantage with residents’ satisfaction and neighboring. Results from longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey indicate that the neighborhood disadvantage perspective garners support when considering neighborhood satisfaction, while the systemic model marshals support for informal neighboring. Consistent with the local danger model, experiencing fearful feelings toward the neighborhood is detrimental to both satisfaction and neighboring. In addition, a cumulative disadvantage effect exists whereby individuals who live in highly disadvantaged areas and perceive the neighborhood as dangerous exhibit the highest levels of dissatisfaction. Having friendship ties living nearby buffers the impact of fear on neighborhood satisfaction, while being socially isolated exacerbates feelings of local danger. These findings suggest that community investment initiatives could mitigate the factors contributing to disadvantaged neighborhoods and foster local satisfaction and engagement as a result.

What Happened to the CBD-Distance Gradient?: Land Values in a Policentric City

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Heikkila ◽  
P Gordon ◽  
J I Kim ◽  
R B Peiser ◽  
H W Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
House Price ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Hedonic Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Major Exception ◽  
The Impact

Hedonic regression methods are used to assess the impact of dwelling and structure characteristics, neighborhood effects, and multiple locations on a sample of almost 11000 residential property sales in Los Angeles County in 1980. Correction for the dwelling characteristic permits the analysis to be interpreted in terms of land values rather than property values per unit area. The selected equation explains more than 93% of the variation in the dependent variable (house price per unit of lot area). All the independent variables (five property or transaction characteristics, four neighborhood effects, and ten locational nodes) are statistically significant, with one major exception: distance from the CBD, which has a very low /-value and an unexpected sign. This result should be considered in the context of many superficial references, based largely on visual symbols such as new office buildings, to a revival of downtown Los Angeles. The authors interpret the finding that eight subcenters have a statistically significant influence on metropolitan residential land values in Los Angeles as yet another indication of the demise of the monocentric model and the need to discuss VS metropolitan areas in policentric terms.

scholarly journals Economic Integration versus Social Avoidance: Assessing Neighborhood Relationships Between the Shanty Town of Calabar and its Surrounding Upper-class Gated Communities | Integração econômica vs evitamento social: analisando relações de bairro entre a favela de Calabar e os condomínios de elite circundantes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Stephan Treuke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shanty Town ◽  
The Impact

This research assesses the impact of neighborhood effects on the well-being of thirty inhabitants in Calabar, a shanty-town set within an upper-class area of Salvador (Brazil). We adopted a threefold methodological framework in order to explore the material, social and symbolic dimensions of the neighborhood effects based on a set of interviews. With regard to  the material dimension, cross-class interactions via the employment nexus are fostered through geographic proximity; however social segmentation regarding access to schools, hospitals and leisure activities have reinforced the social hierarchies. In the social dimension, a high degree of cohesion and solidarity has entailed positive implications for the job search processes, access to resources and a strengthening of territorial identity. With the symbolic dimension, statistical discrimination has entailed deleterious effects on economic integration. In conclusion, the hypothesis of an opportunity-enriching environment should be subjected to careful scrutiny since the economic integration of the inhabitants neither bridges the social distances nor impedes place-based discrimination.

VI international scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of mass consciousness research”

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
V. Konstantinov ◽  
◽  
N. Khashchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
State University ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Broadcasting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Conference

On March 19-20, 2021 the Sixth International Scientific and Practical Conference “Actual problems of mass consciousness research” was organized by Penza State University. The work of the forum was organized in the format of on-line broadcasting on Zoom platform and in the social network VKontakte. Participants discussed current problems of mass consciousness phenomenon: psychological and social mechanisms for the promotion of worldviews, socio-psychological aspects of cultural transmission, the impact of the global pandemic COVID-19 on mental health and many others. The issues raised at the conference are the most acute psychological, anthropological and philosophical challenges for science and society, and their discussion enabled the participants of the forum to affirm the positive experience of overcoming these problems.

scholarly journals The Impact Of The Internet On Albanian Teenagers

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Bukurie Lila
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Child Exposure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to look at the social impact that the internet has on the teenagers of "Arben Broci" school in Tirana. The study looks at the activities that teenagers engage themselves in on the internet, the hours they spend there, and the social influence that these activities have on them. By interviewing 100 people of different ages, some of which were interviewed in the high school, “Arben Broci” in Tirana, we have gathered qualitative and quantitative data through the use of a questionnaire. After the study, we concluded that the internet has both positive as well as negative impacts on socially isolated adolescents. We have seen that adolescents engage themselves in online chats through which they exchange data and information with people they do not know. This puts them at risk. In majority of the cases, they meet people whom they do not know their motives. The risk of child exposure to pornography and exploitation has increased along with the rise in internet use. The global nature of the internet also increases the child’s risk of meeting a predator. According to Wolfe & Higgings (2008), more attention has been given to online solicitation of sex from children. The positive social impact of the internet is that it creates an environment where teens can seek information needed for educational purposes. The study concludes that parents, teachers, and the government must be aware of the social impact of the internet on the lives of adolescents. Therefore, they must work together to minimize the harmful impacts of the internet on socially isolated students.

Deconcentration without Integration: Examining the Social Outcomes of Housing Choice Voucher Movement in Los Angeles County

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Kurwa
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Housing Choice ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Section 8 Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racially Mixed

This article reports on the social experiences of tenants moving from low–income neighborhoods in the City of Los Angeles to a racially mixed, lower poverty suburb—the Antelope Valley—using Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers. Voucher tenants experience significant social exclusion and aggressive oversight. Local residents use racial shorthand to label their black neighbors as voucher holders and apply additional scrutiny to their activity. They aggressively report voucher tenants to the housing authority and police, instigating inspections that threaten tenants’ voucher status. Tenants react to these circumstances by withdrawing from their communities in order to avoid scrutiny and protect their status in the program. These findings illustrate that the social difficulties documented in mixed–income developments may also exist in voucher programs, highlight the ways in which neighborhood effects may be extended to include social experiences, and suggest the limits of the voucher program to translate geographic mobility into socioeconomic progress.

Gender Differences in the Social Consequences of Unemployment: How Job Loss Affects the Risk of Becoming Socially Isolated

2020 ◽  
pp. 095001702096790
Author(s):  
Jan Eckhard
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, the study examines whether the impact of unemployment on the risk of becoming socially isolated is different for women and men and whether it can be traced back to financial straits. An isolating effect of unemployment is found only with regard to men, to long-term unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of scarce contact to friends and family. There is no such effect with regard to women, to short-time unemployment, and to social isolation in terms of a non-participation in civic associations. It is also found that the isolating impact of unemployment is only to a small extent attributable to the financial situation of the unemployed.

scholarly journals Same but Different? Distributed Creativity in the Internet Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Literat ◽  
Vlad Petre Glăveanu
Keyword(s):  
Creative Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the Internet on distributed creativity. While the social mechanisms that are fundamental for creative expression are not radically different online, and while we want to avoid overly romanticizing the role of the Internet or falling prey to technological determinism, we argue that there are, nevertheless, significant shifts that must be acknowledged and examined. In order to achieve a more nuanced and analytical account, we suggest a simple framework centred around five questions - who, when, where, how and why - that allow for a differentiated understanding of the range of changes in creative expression in the Internet age. To model the application of this framework, we use the example of crowdsourced art (participatory online art) as a creative practice that illustrates some of these key shifts. In thinking about creativity in online spaces, we suggest that the consideration of actors (who), times (when), places (where), processes (how) and motives (why) facilitates a valuable multidimensional understanding of these significant and complex changes.

scholarly journals Biological embedding of neighborhood disadvantage and collective efficacy: Influences on chronic illness via accelerated cardiometabolic age

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Kit Lei ◽  
Steven R. H. Beach ◽  
Ronald L. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study extends prior research on the link between neighborhood disadvantage and chronic illness by testing an integrated model in which neighborhood characteristics exert effects on health conditions through accelerated cardiometabolic aging. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 408 African Americans from the Family and Community Health Study. Using four waves of data spanning young adulthood (ages 18–29), we first found durable effects of neighborhood disadvantage on accelerated cardiometabolic aging and chronic illness. Then, we used marginal structural modeling to adjust for potential neighborhood selection effects. As expected, accelerated cardiometabolic aging was the biopsychosocial mechanism that mediated much of the association between neighborhood disadvantage and chronic illness. This finding provides additional support for the view that neighborhood disadvantage can influence morbidity and mortality by creating social contexts that becomes biologically embedded. Perceived neighborhood collective efficacy served to buffer the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and biological aging, identifying neighborhood-level resilience factor. Overall, our results indicate that neighborhood context serves as a fundamental cause of weathering and accelerated biological aging. Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood increases biological wear and tear that ultimately leads to onset of chronic illness, but access to perceived collective efficacy buffers the impact of these neighborhood effects. From an intervention standpoint, identifying such an integrated model may help inform future health-promoting interventions.

scholarly journals Neighborhood effects and housing vouchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1307-1346
Author(s):  
Morris A. Davis ◽  
Jesse Gregory ◽  
Daniel A. Hartley ◽  
Kegon T. K. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Location Choice ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Housing Vouchers ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
Adult Earnings ◽  
The Impact

Researchers and policy makers have explored the possibility of restricting the use of housing vouchers to neighborhoods that may positively affect the outcomes of children. Using the framework of a dynamic model of optimal location choice, we estimate preferences over neighborhoods of likely recipients of housing vouchers in Los Angeles. We combine simulations of the model with estimates of how locations affect adult earnings of children to understand how a voucher policy that restricts neighborhoods in which voucher‐recipients may live affects both the location decisions of households and the adult earnings of children. We show the model can nearly replicate the impact of the Moving to Opportunity experiment on the adult wages of children. Simulations suggest a policy that restricts housing vouchers to the top 20% of neighborhoods maximizes expected aggregate adult earnings of children of households offered these vouchers.

‘Dazed and Confused!’ Context and Social Disconnect in the Time of Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Olivier Piguet
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHumans are social animals. Our sense of identity and ‘self’ is defined in part by the roles we perform in the social groups to which we belong. This article discusses some of the variables that contribute to our sense of self, including language, place of origin, education and shared social norms. It also outlines some of the general mechanisms that underpin our various social networks. In its final part, this article reviews the impact of social isolation, such as that happened during the COVID pandemic, on these social mechanisms and the resulted disruption of psychological wellbeing in individuals diagnosed with dementia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document