scholarly journals Motivations for Growth Revolts: Discretion and Pretext as Sources of Development Conflict

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Manville ◽  
Taner Osman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Traditional Role

This article suggests that “ballot box growth revolts”—instances where citizens use direct democracy to curb development—may be caused by local governments’ use of discretionary development approvals. We further suggest that growth revolts themselves provide a useful window into discretionary approvals, and illustrate how discretion can create conflict. Discretion is appealing to fiscally constrained cities because it lets them bargain with developers over building permissions, and thus helps cities finance public amenities. But it also gives cities incentives to regulate more heavily than they otherwise might, and to regulate pretextually: to write rules primarily for the purpose of bargaining them away. In sum, zoning's increasing use as a tool of fiscal policy can undermine its traditional role of providing assurance about future land use policy. We use various examples to illustrate our argument, including five growth revolts in Southern California.

scholarly journals LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN NEPAL: REPERCUSSIONS OF LAND USE POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION GAPS IN REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. K. Chand
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Implementation Gaps

Abstract. In lieu of advancement in human civilization from nomadic age to quest for welfare capitalism in recent days, land resources have been one of the most sought after assets for subsequent socio-economic development. The concept of land, once only geo-political has evolved to be interdisciplinary with developmental and managerial aspects in regional and urban planning worldwide making the facets of land management more complex than ever. In the context of modern Nepal, governance in systematic land management appeared during mid-1960 only with establishment of Ministry of Land Reform (MoLR). This paper aims to provide constructive criticism upon institutional fragmentation, and fragile policy and implementation gaps in land use administration which have been bewildering the concepts of regional and urban planning in Nepal. The recitation of this work is primarily based on selected literature review of relevant research on land use planning along with two representative case studies in national context and in international scenario as well. Despite rigorous efforts, the issues of competence in land administration, migration and syndicate in urban real estate remain as the major problems in land management in Nepal. Also, the new state restructuring of federal Nepal has already upraised the challenges in land resources planning for local governments who but seem muddled up in constructing rural economy and strategic urban plan for regional development. Nevertheless, these concerns in regional and urban planning can be addressed through practice of sustainable land management with thoughtful consideration of ambiguities in land use policy and implementation.

scholarly journals Decentralization in self-government bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Kateryna Malyuk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Country Formation ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of decentralization as a foundation for the formation of local governments in Ukraine. The importance of introducing the reform of decentralization of power on the path of development of Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state is proved. The activity of local self-government in the conditions of decentralization is currently a priority among the reforms in Ukraine, as new trends in state building of our country, formation of civil society institutions, optimization of the system of local self-government determine new conditions for decentralization. Traditionally, a constant view of decentralization as a process in which independent units that form the bearers of local self-government are formed in a centralized state requires the development of new approaches to the analysis of its content and, accordingly, the search for new opportunities to achieve the goal. The role of decentralization in the formation of the institution of local self-government is crucial. After all, decentralization is a kind of management system, in which part of the functions of central government is transferred to local governments. Decentralization is one of the forms of democracy development, which at the same time preserves the unity of the state and its institutions while expanding the possibilities of local self-government. It aims to activate the population to meet their own needs, to narrow the sphere of state influence on society, to reduce expenditures on the maintenance of the state apparatus. This process promotes direct democracy, as it involves the transfer of control of a number of local affairs directly into the hands of stakeholders. Thus, we can say that decentralization helps to build the civil society we so strive for. As a result of local government reform and decentralization of power, the basis of the new system of local self-government should be united territorial communities, which are formed on a voluntary basis in accordance with the statutory procedure with their own self-government bodies, including executive bodies. The reform should help improve the lives of Ukrainian citizens, as well as build a legal, modern, efficient and, most importantly, competitive European state.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Councils in the Establishment of Police in the Years of the Civil War in Russia (1918 to 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Stepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
The Moment

s a result of the constitutional reform of 2020, the mention that local self-government bodies can independently protect public order was deleted from part 1 of article 132 of the 1993 Constitution of Russia. Nevertheless, they are still involved in the exercise of the law enforcement function of the State. The activities of local governments in this area can be improved, including on the basis of domestic historical experience. In this regard, the process of creating councils as local authorities, and the peculiarities of their participation in the construction of the militia in the years of Civil War (1918–1920), is of significant interest. As a result of the study, it was concluded that from the moment of the establishment of Soviet power until the end of the active phase of the Civil War, the organization of local councils and militia, as well as their relations, underwent significant changes. The workers’ militia was independently created and maintained by local councils, as bodies of direct democracy of workers. In the future, the role of their executive committees increased significantly, which received significant powers in relation to the militia. In the conditions of the Civil War, the Soviet state was strengthened and the workers' and peasants' militia was centralized. The ability of local authorities to influence its organization and activities has been limited. During this time, the Soviet police turned from mass amateur organizations of workers created by local councils into a state paramilitary law enforcement body.

The distinctive role of land use policy

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Distinctive Role

scholarly journals Land use planning as tool for sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Anda Jankava ◽  
Maija Berzina ◽  
Krista Dobuma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Analysis Of Results

The purpose of the article is to evaluate role of land use planning project (hereinafter - LUPP) specified in the legislation of Latvia in sustainable development of territory. In Land Use Planning Law adopted in 2006, LUPP is project for arrangement of territory and measures of improvement of land use conditions, for part of an administrative territory of local government, separate immovable property or land parcel, which is developed for exchange of land parcels or elimination of inter-areas, for reorganisation of land parcel boundaries, as well as for subdivision of land parcels. In Latvia for sustainable development of the territory, legislative acts of spatial development planning system have been adopted at several levels, from which for detailed arrangement of territory detailed plan should be developed. The detailed plan often includes reorganisation of land parcel boundaries, but legislation determines that detailed plan should be developed in territories specified in spatial plan, mainly before commencing new construction. The LUPP is not planning instrument for territory development and may be developed in territories in which regulatory framework do not provide development of detailed plan. However, in local governments it is relatively common that for areas intended, for example, for individual building, for subdivision of land parcels, LUPP rather than detailed plan has been choosen to develop. In order to clarify these concerns, the study carried out survey of specialists of local governments and the article summarises analysis of results about development of LUPP in relevant local governments, as well as, on the basis of relevant regulatory enactments, compared the objectives and conditions for development of LUPP and detailed plan.

scholarly journals Alternative between Revitalisation of City Centres and the Rising Costs of Extensive Land Use from a Polish Perspective

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jadach-Sepioło ◽  
Maciej Zathey
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Spatial Chaos ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Centres

The phenomenon of spatial chaos is ever-growing challenge in Poland. Its most common explanations are the weaknesses of spatial planning and the households’ economic-based decisions of building a house in the suburbs. In this context, Polish publications lack analyses of the impact of local authorities’ on shaping conditions for the development of new housing and renovation of the existing ones. The authors put forward a thesis about the persistence of an extensive land use policy model in Poland, in which local governments create conditions favouring area-consuming approach to locating buildings. At the same time, the same local governments allow de-agriculturalisation of land plots with a consequence that newly developed areas are not equipped with utilities (e.g., sewage or heating networks). Chaos in the development of residential areas is also illustrated by another phenomenon. Local authorities designate large degraded and revitalisation areas. This results in the dispersed effects. The article concentrates on these three symptoms of spatial chaos in Poland, i.e., random and dispersed expansion of new investments in sewage system, lack of integration between district heating systems and direction of residential development and dispersed effects of revitalisation, which cannot prevent flight from blight. The obtained results allowed to confirm the thesis about the extensive land use policy model in Poland.

scholarly journals VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (VGI) APPLICATION FOR MONITORING LAND USE VIOLATION CASE STUDY: CIGANJUR FLOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Bayu Purwanto ◽  
Anang Wahyu Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Volunteered Geographic Information ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Land Use Monitoring ◽  
Role Of Information

Land in DKI Jakarta has problems in land use. Many land-use does not comply with planning. Illegal buildings are often found in areas designated for green open space and river boundaries. Land use monitoring requires the role of information technology. This research uses an open-source-based application to develop easier and cheaper. The application consists of a smartphone-based application for the process of reporting land-use violations with the concept of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). The application can directly analyze verified data with spatial planning. The analysis uses overlay analysis to see the location and extent of violations in land use. The results of the analysis can be used as a basis for local governments to impose punishment on illegal buildings and to plan for future cities.

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