scholarly journals Sketching in Gestalt Space: Interactive Shape Abstraction through Perceptual Reasoning

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kratt ◽  
T. Niese ◽  
R. Hu ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
S. Pirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Shape Abstraction

scholarly journals QOL-01. LONGITUDINAL COMPARISON OF NEUROCOGNITIVE TRAJECTORIES IN PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON VERSUS PHOTON RADIOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii431-iii431
Author(s):  
Lisa Kahalley ◽  
Rachel Peterson ◽  
M Douglas Ris ◽  
Laura Janzen ◽  
M Fatih Okcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Pediatric Medulloblastoma ◽  
Boost Dose ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Photon Radiotherapy ◽  
Over Time

Abstract PURPOSE By reducing dose to normal brain tissue, proton radiotherapy (PRT) may lessen neurocognitive risk traditionally associated with photon radiotherapy (XRT). We examined change in neurocognitive scores over time in pediatric medulloblastoma patients treated with PRT versus XRT. METHODS Neurocognitive scores from 79 patients (37 PRT, 42 XRT) were examined. Patients were treated between 2007–2018 on the same treatment protocols that differed only by craniospinal modality (PRT versus XRT). Change in scores over time since diagnosis were compared between groups. RESULTS Groups were similar on most demographic/clinical variables: sex (67.1% male), age at diagnosis (mean 8.6 years), CSI dose (median 23.4 Gy), length of follow-up (mean 4.3 years), and parental education (mean 14.3 years). Boost dose (p<0.001) and margin (p=0.001) differed between groups. Adjusting for covariates, the PRT group exhibited superior outcomes in global IQ, perceptual reasoning, and working memory versus the XRT group (all p<0.05). The XRT group exhibited significant decline in global IQ, working memory, and processing speed (all p<0.05). The PRT group exhibited stable scores in all domains except processing speed (p=0.003). Posterior fossa syndrome imparted risk independent of modality. CONCLUSION This is the first study comparing neurocognitive trajectories between pediatric patients treated for medulloblastoma with PRT versus XRT on comparable, contemporary protocols. PRT was associated with more favorable neurocognitive outcomes in most domains compared to XRT, although processing speed emerged as vulnerable in both groups. This is the strongest evidence to date of an intellectual sparing advantage with PRT in the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma.

scholarly journals Students’ Profile Score in Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Working Memory Index (WMI) for Intelligence Test

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayah Ariffin ◽  
Zahari Suppian ◽  
Shah Nazim Shahar ◽  
Rosadah Majid ◽  
Siti Fatimah Mohd Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Profile Score ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

scholarly journals RARE-04. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH PEDIATRIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA AFTER TUMOR REMOVAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii442-iii442
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Oyoshi ◽  
Shingo Fujio ◽  
Nayuta Higa ◽  
Hajime Yonezawa ◽  
Koji Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Full Scale Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

Abstract INTRODUCTION Intellectual assessment in children with craniopharyngioma after tumor removal is still unknown. We assessed intellectual development in children who underwent microsurgical resection in our institute over the last twelve years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten children among 41 patients with craniopharyngioma treated and followed at Kagoshima University Hospital between 2007 and 2019 were reviewed. We also assessed intellectual development in 10 years or younger children with craniopharyngioma one year after tumor removal. Intelligence was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ). RESULTS Ten children underwent microsurgical tumor removal. The mean age at surgery was 5.8 (range 1–10) years. Transcranial approach was performed in 8 children, transsphenoidal approach in two children. The mean follow up period was 110 months. Gamma knife surgery (GKS) was performed in 6 children less than 6 months after first surgery. Regional recurrences occurred in 5 children, and additional GKS was performed in four children, second microsurgical removal in one child. Severe obesity with a transient electrolyte imbalance occurred in one child. Eight children with GH deficiency underwent GH replacement therapy. Eight children were assessed working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), Perceptual reasoning index (PRI), and verbal comprehension index (VCI) using WISC 4. Each mean value of WMI, PSI, and PRI was lower than VCI, except for 2 children with normal full scale intelligence quotient. CONCLUSION WMI, PSI and PRI in children with intellectual disabilities were lower tendency than VCI after surgical removal of craniopharyngiomas in the present study.

Perceptual Reasoning Index

2018 ◽  
pp. 2631-2635
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Dowell ◽  
E. Mark Mahone
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Reasoning

Assessment of cognitive profile (WISC-IV), autistic symptomatology and pragmatic disorders in high intellectual potential compared with autism spectrum disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S129-S129
Author(s):  
A. Boschi ◽  
P. Planche ◽  
A. Philippe ◽  
L. Vaivre-douret
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Empathy Quotient ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Intellectual Potential

IntroductionAn overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in particular Asperger Syndrome (AS), and high intellectual potential (HIP–Total IQ > 2 SD) is often discussed.ObjectivesExplore differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous Wisc-profiles among HIP children, and between HIP and ASD children, on cognitive and clinical assessments.MethodsForty-nine participants (mean age 11.2 years) were divided in 4 groups: High Functioning Autism (HFA), AS, Homogenous HIP and Heterogeneous HIP. Data of WISC-IV and questionnaires – Autism Quotient (AQ), Empathy Quotient (EQ), Systemizing Quotient (SQ), Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) – were compared.(Preliminary) ResultsOn the WISC-IV, the Z scores curves follow similar trajectories but highlight quantitative differences between AS and heterogeneous HIP: verbal comprehension is the highest index (+1,6 SD in AS; +3,1 SD in heterogeneous HIP) followed by perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed indexes (–1,2 SD in AS; +0,5 SD in heterogeneous HIP), respectively. The questionnaires show that scores of Homogenous HIP children are all in the average. Heterogeneous HIP children score 2,1 SD above average on the AQ (+1,6 SD on “Social Skills” and +1,3 SD on “Local Detail” subscales), whereas ASD children score 4 SD above average on the AQ. In addition, heterogeneous HIP children show pragmatic difficulties (–2,4 SD on the CCC, with a peak on “Area of Interest” subscale), also present in ASD children (–4 SD).ConclusionsAS and heterogeneous HIP children show similar cognitive profiles on the WISC-IV. Furthermore, heterogeneous HIP children exhibit high scores on the AQ and have pragmatic difficulties.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Four- vs. Alternative Six-Factor Structure of the French WISC-IV

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lecerf ◽  
Jérôme Rossier ◽  
Nicolas Favez ◽  
Isabelle Reverte ◽  
Laurence Coleaux
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chc Theory ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Technical Manual ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses reported in the French technical manual of the WISC-IV provides evidence supporting a structure with four indices: Verbal Comprehension (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning (PRI), Working Memory (WMI), and Processing Speed (PSI). Although the WISC-IV is more attuned to contemporary theory, it is still not in total accordance with the dominant theory: the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive ability. This study was designed to determine whether the French WISC-IV is better described with the four-factor solution or whether an alternative model based on the CHC theory is more appropriate. The intercorrelations matrix reported in the French technical manual was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. A comparison of competing models suggests that a model based on the CHC theory fits the data better than the current WISC-IV structure. It appears that the French WISC-IV in fact measures six factors: crystallized intelligence (Gc), fluid intelligence (Gf), short-term memory (Gsm), processing speed (Gs), quantitative knowledge (Gq), and visual processing (Gv). We recommend that clinicians interpret the subtests of the French WISC-IV in relation to this CHC model in addition to the four indices.

A-35 Relationship between Suicidality and Discrepancies in Verbal and Nonverbal Intelligence in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1076
Author(s):  
Dov Gold ◽  
Danya Ravid ◽  
Emily Crain ◽  
Karen Holler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Iq Discrepancy

Abstract Objective Many have examined the relationship between intellectual functioning (IQ) and suicidality in children and adolescents. However, no study to date has investigated how discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal IQ may influence suicide risk in adolescents. This study used a sample of patients hospitalized on an adolescent psychiatric unit to compare number of lifetime suicide attempts (SA) among those with a ≥ 22-point difference between verbal and nonverbal abilities. Method Data were retroactively collected from a convenience sample. Patients were grouped based on discrepancies between Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scores (VCI > PRI & VCI). Results The number of lifetime ACEs or size of IQ discrepancy did not significantly differ between groups; however, those in the VCI < PRI (μ = 1.13 ± 0.98) group had a significant higher number of SAs than those in the VCI > PRI group (μ = 0.50 ± 0.86) (t(32) = 2.01, p = 0.05). Hedges’ g revealed large effect for IQ discrepancy type and number of SAs. Linear regression modeling revealed a positive association between number of ACEs and number of SAs (ß = 0.10, t(33) = 2.71, p = 0.01). Size of IQ discrepancy was not significantly contributory to total SAs. Conclusion VCI being considerably lower than PRI may increase risk of SA in adolescents. This risk may be further exacerbated by lifetime number of ACEs.

A-47 The Interplay between Achievement Scores in Math Ability, Visual Working Memory, and Perceptual Reasoning across Race in an Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1088
Author(s):  
D'Shawn L Harrigan ◽  
Kayla Kotalik ◽  
Brittny Arias ◽  
Charles J Golden
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Z Transformation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to measure the associations between overall math ability, visual working memory, and perceptual reasoning. Method Data stemmed from an ongoing de-identified database aof clinical adults. Participants were administered the WAIS-IV, KM-3, and WMS-IV. The sample consisted of Caucasians (N = 671, M_edu = 14,45.7% males & 52.5% females), African Americans (N = 154, M_edu = 13, 43.5% males & 56.5% females), and Hispanic (N = 194, M_edu = 13,44.8% males & 53.6% females). Participant’s age ranged from 16 to 81, with a mean of 31.06. Results The analysis corrected for age, education, and gender. The relationship between PR and KM-3 was 0.505 for Caucasians, 0.782 for African Americans, and 0.769 for Hispanics, all p < 0.05. A Fisher Z transformation indicated significance on PR and KM-3 between Caucasians and Hispanics, p < 0.001. The relationship between KM-3 and VWM was 0.408 for Caucasians, 0.828 for African Americans, and 0.591 for Hispanics, all p < 0.05. A Fisher Z transformation indicated significance on KM-3 and VWM between Caucasians and African Americans, p = 0.020. The relationship between KM-3 and VP was 0.349 for Caucasians, 0.584 for African Americans, and.733 for Hispanics, all p < 0.05. A Fisher Z transformation indicated significance on KM-3 and VP between Caucasians and Hispanics, p = 0.04. Discussion Closer analysis of performance between race reveals statistically stronger associations between mathematical ability and perceptual/memory tasks that are visuoconstructional in nature for African Americans and Hispanics when compared to Caucasians. The findings of this study may allude to different approach’s African Americans and Hispanics may use (e.g., mental rotation) when solving mathematical computations.

Comparisons of Intelligence and Behavior in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and ADHD

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarah L. Raldiris ◽  
Thomas G. Bowers ◽  
Carla Towsey
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Objective: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) can easily be misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Method: A total of 164 children were compared on cognitive and behavioral measures for four groups of children: FASD, ADHD, FASD + ADHD, and other neuropsychological disorders. Results: The ADHD group was not significantly different from the “other diagnosis” group on any of the measurements. The children with FASD were found to perform significantly worse than ADHD on externalizing problems, Full-Scale IQ, and indices of Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, and Working Memory. The comorbid FASD + ADHD group was significantly weaker than ADHD on verbal comprehension measures. The FASD children demonstrated significantly higher levels of atypicality and aggression relative to ADHD, and the FASD + ADHD group demonstrated significantly higher levels of hyperactivity and withdrawal relative to ADHD. Conclusion: These results indicate that children with FASD display a differential behavioral and cognitive profile that is significantly poorer than children with ADHD and other types of neuropsychological disorders.

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