scholarly journals Building a brain in the gut: development of the enteric nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Goldstein ◽  
RMW Hofstra ◽  
AJ Burns
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Gut Development

scholarly journals “Too much guts and not enough brains”: (epi)genetic mechanisms and future therapies of Hirschsprung disease — a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie G. Jaroy ◽  
Lourdes Acosta-Jimenez ◽  
Ryo Hotta ◽  
Allan M. Goldstein ◽  
Ragnhild Emblem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Hirschsprung disease is a neurocristopathy, characterized by aganglionosis in the distal bowel. It is caused by failure of the enteric nervous system progenitors to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in the gut. Development of an enteric nervous system is a tightly regulated process. Both the neural crest cells and the surrounding environment are regulated by different genes, signaling pathways, and morphogens. For this process to be successful, the timing of gene expression is crucial. Hence, alterations in expression of genes specific for the enteric nervous system may contribute to the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease. Several epigenetic mechanisms contribute to regulate gene expression, such as modifications of DNA and RNA, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Here, we review the current knowledge of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation in the development of the enteric nervous system and its potential significance for the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease. We also discuss possible future therapies and how targeting epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms may open new avenues for novel treatment.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Franziska Bayer ◽  
Olga Dremova ◽  
My Phung Khuu ◽  
Könül Mammadova ◽  
Giulia Pontarollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Adult Organism

The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.

Infection of the enteric nervous system by Borna disease virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A328-A328
Author(s):  
H PFANNKUCHE ◽  
J RICHT ◽  
M SCHEMANN ◽  
J SEEGER ◽  
G GAEBEL
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Borna Disease

Inhibitory effect of melatonin on nitric oxide synthase in rat enteric nervous system

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A176-A176
Author(s):  
P KOPPITZ ◽  
M STORR ◽  
D SAUR ◽  
M KURJAK ◽  
H ALLESCHER
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oxide Synthase
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