Has the increasing incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea resulted in increased chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis presentations? Results from Melbourne, Australia, from 2000 to 2017

Philip Rothschild; Ye Chen; Kristen Wells; Justin C. Sherwin; Carmel Crock

doi:10.1111/ceo.13373

Has the increasing incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea resulted in increased chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis presentations? Results from Melbourne, Australia, from 2000 to 2017

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology ◽

10.1111/ceo.13373 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 289-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Philip Rothschild ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Kristen Wells ◽

Justin C. Sherwin ◽

Carmel Crock

Keyword(s):

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

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A large outbreak of conjunctivitis caused by a single genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae distinct from those causing genital tract infections

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268801005477 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D. B. MAK ◽

D. W. SMITH ◽

G. B. HARNETT ◽

A. J. PLANT

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Western Australia ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Aboriginal Populations ◽

Single Genotype ◽

Large Outbreak ◽

Genital Tract Infections ◽

Central Australia ◽

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis ◽

Tract Infections

Several epidemics of gonococcal conjunctivitis have occurred in Aboriginal populations in Central Australia. In 1997, the first outbreak in the Kimberley region of Western Australia occurred, spreading to Central Australia with a total of 447 cases. A genotyping method was applied directly to DNA extracted from patient samples to characterize the gonococcus causing the epidemic and to compare it with contemporaneous genital isolates. Those positive conjunctival specimens from Kimberley and Central Australia that could be genotyped were all indistinguishable, but were distinct from the genital gonococci, even when they shared the same auxotype and serotype. This suggested that the outbreak was due to a single genotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that had probably been carried between communities by infected individuals. We did not find evidence to support the existence of a genital reservoir of the types causing epidemic gonococcal conjunctivitis.

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Erythromycin bioactivity is stable in ophthalmic ointment used for prophylaxis of neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.31.6.954 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 954-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M G Bialer ◽

E J Baron ◽

R G Harper

Keyword(s):

Ophthalmic Ointment ◽

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

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Don't Use Saline!

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.60.5.770a ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 770-770

Author(s):

William D. Cochran

Keyword(s):

Silver Nitrate ◽

Chart Review ◽

Silver Chloride ◽

Ophthalmia Neonatorum ◽

Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

The article "Ophthalmia Neonatorum: A Chart Review" by Armstrong et al. (Pediatrics 57:884, June 1976) catches my eye. If one reads the Credé prophylaxis method of instilling silver nitrate into the eyes of newborns, one realizes that should anything be instilled into the eye afterwards to wash out the silver nitrate it should not be saline. The chloride reacts with the silver, forming silver chloride, which is ineffective as an antibacterial. Perhaps this is why they had as many as 43 cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis during their six-year review!

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