The role of gut microbiota and diet in experimental autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsusada Okuno ◽  
Yuji Nakatsuji ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Kazushiro Takata ◽  
Toru Koda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: missing pieces of an old puzzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rahmanzadeh ◽  
Wolfgang Brück ◽  
Alireza Minagar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis ◽  
Cns Autoimmunity ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Abstract Traditionally, multiple sclerosis (MS) was considered to be a CD4 T cell-mediated CNS autoimmunity, compatible with experimental autoimmune encephalitis model, which can be characterized by focal lesions in the white matter. However, studies of recent decades revealed several missing pieces of MS puzzle and showed that MS pathogenesis is more complex than the traditional view and may include the following: a primary degenerative process (e.g. oligodendroglial pathology), generalized abnormality of normal-appearing brain tissue, pronounced gray matter pathology, involvement of innate immunity, and CD8 T cells and B cells. Here, we review these findings and discuss their implications in MS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals An Overview of Peptide-Based Molecules as Potential Drug Candidates for Multiple Sclerosis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5227
Author(s):  
Annarita Del Gatto ◽  
Michele Saviano ◽  
Laura Zaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Multiple sclerosis (MS) belongs to demyelinating diseases, which are progressive and highly debilitating pathologies that imply a high burden both on individual patients and on society. Currently, several treatment strategies differ in the route of administration, adverse events, and possible risks. Side effects associated with multiple sclerosis medications range from mild symptoms, such as flu-like or irritation at the injection site, to serious ones, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other life-threatening events. Moreover, the agents so far available have proved incapable of fully preventing disease progression, mostly during the phases that consist of continuous, accumulating disability. Thus, new treatment strategies, able to halt or even reverse disease progression and specific for targeting solely the pathways that contribute to the disease pathogenesis, are highly desirable. Here, we provide an overview of the recent literature about peptide-based systems tested on experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) models. Since peptides are considered a unique therapeutic niche and important elements in the pharmaceutical landscape, they could open up new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of MS.

Role of Delta-like4/Notch Pathway in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. S125
Author(s):  
Ribal Bassil ◽  
Youmna Lahoud ◽  
Bing Zhu ◽  
Hideo Yagita ◽  
Wassim Elyaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

scholarly journals Review: ‘Gimme five’: future challenges in multiple sclerosis. ECTRIMS Lecture 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Hohlfeld
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Therapy ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sclerosis Therapy ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

This article is based on the ECTRIMS lecture given at the 25 th ECTRIMS meeting which was held in Dusseldorf, Germany, from 9 to 12 September 2009. Five challenges have been identified: (1) safeguarding the principles of medical ethics; (2) optimizing the risk/benefit ratio; (3) bridging the gap between multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis; (4) promoting neuroprotection and repair; and (5) tailoring multiple sclerosis therapy to the individual patient. Each of these challenges will be discussed and placed in the context of current research into the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals A molecular view of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis: What can we learn from the epitope data?

2014 ◽  
Vol 267 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie Vaughan ◽  
Bjoern Peters ◽  
Kevin C. O'Connor ◽  
Roland Martin ◽  
Alessandro Sette
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

A critical analysis of helminth immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1448-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Charabati ◽  
Sarah J Donkers ◽  
Megan C Kirkland ◽  
Lisa C Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Helminthic worms are ancestral members of the intestinal ecosystem that have been largely eradicated from the general population in industrialized countries. Immunomodulatory mechanisms induced by some helminths mediate a “truce” between the mammalian host and the colonizing worm, thus allowing for long-term persistence in the absence of immune-mediated collateral tissue damage. This concept and the geographic discrepancy between global burdens of chronic inflammatory diseases and helminth infection have sparked interest in the potential of using helminthic worms as a therapeutic intervention to limit the progression of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we present and evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis in the pre-clinical animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, in helminth-infected MS patients and in clinical trials of administered helminth immunotherapy (HIT).

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