Thyroid nodules in childhood‐onset Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Frequency, risk factors, follow‐up course, and genetic alterations of thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Jeong Lee ◽  
Yeon Jin Cho ◽  
You Joung Heo ◽  
Eun‐Jae Chung ◽  
Young Hun Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Childhood Onset

scholarly journals The Recovery of Thyroid Function in Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Lobectomy: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dou ◽  
Yingji Chen ◽  
Daixing Hu ◽  
Xinliang Su
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

PurposeManagement strategies after lobectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are controversial. This study aimed to identify the proportion of patients among low-risk PTC patients who do not require hormone replacement therapy and to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative hypothyroidism after lobectomy.Patients and MethodsThe records of 190 PTC patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative hypothyroidism and the recovery of thyroid function.ResultsIn summary, 74.21% of patients (141/190) had normal thyroid function without levothyroxine supplementation, while 40.53% (77/190) developed temporary or permanent hypothyroidism. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (>2.62 mIU/L), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and right lobectomy were associated with hypothyroidism (all P<0.05). The Area Under Curve (AUC) by logistic analysis was 0.829. Twenty-eight (28/77, 36.4%) patients recovered to the euthyroid state in the first year after surgery, and this recovery was significantly associated with preoperative TSH level. Forty-nine (49/77, 63.6%) patients developed persistent hypothyroidism. The thyroid function of most patients (11/28, 39.3%) recovered in the third month after surgery.ConclusionPatients with a lower level of preoperative TSH, with left lobectomy and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had a higher chance of normal thyroid function within the first year after lobectomy. The recovery of thyroid function was associated with the level of preoperative TSH.

Detecting Recurrence Following Lobectomy for Thyroid Cancer: Role of Thyroglobulin and Thyroglobulin Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. e2145-e2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Ritter ◽  
Aviram Mizrachi ◽  
Gideon Bachar ◽  
Igor Vainer ◽  
Ilan Shimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Radioiodine Ablation ◽  
Thyroid Lobectomy

Abstract Background The use of thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) for detecting disease recurrence is well validated following total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. However, limited data are available for patients treated with thyroid lobectomy. Methods Patients who had lobectomy for papillary thyroid cancer followed for >1 year, with sufficient data on Tg and TgAb, including subgroup analysis for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and contralateral nodules. Results One-hundred sixty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Average tumor size was 9.5 ± 6 mm. Following lobectomy, Tg was 12.1 ± 14.8 ng/mL. Of 52 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 38% had positive TgAb with titers of 438 ± 528 IU/mL, and in patients without TgAb the mean Tg level was 14.7 ± 19.0 ng/mL. In 34 patients with contralateral nodules ≥1 cm, Tg was 15.3 ± 17 ng/mL. During the first 2 years of follow-up, Tg declined ≥1 ng/mL in 42% of patients (by 5.1 ± 3.7 ng/mL), remained stable in 22%, and increased in 36% (by 4.9 ± 5.7 ng/mL). During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (78 ± 43.5 months), 18 patients had completion thyroidectomy and 12 were diagnosed with contralateral cancer (n = 8) or lymph node metastases (n = 4). In patients with recurrence followed for >2 years, there was a rise in Tg in 3 cases, Tg was stable in 2 cases, and in 1 TgAb decreased from 1534 to 276 IU/mL despite metastatic lymph nodes. Basal Tg and Tg dynamics did not predict disease recurrence. Conclusions Serum thyroglobulin used independently is of limited value for predicting or detecting disease recurrence following thyroid lobectomy. Other potential roles of Tg, such as detecting distant metastases following lobectomy, should be further studied.

scholarly journals GA genotype of the Arg280His polymorphism on the XRCC1 gene: Genetic susceptibility genotype in differentiated thyroid carcinomas?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
NG Kirnap ◽  
NB Tutuncu ◽  
Y Yalcin ◽  
HPB Cebi ◽  
T Tutuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
History Of

Abstract Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) are the most common form of endocrine malignancies. The role of genetic variations in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is approximately 60.0-70.0%. The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) protein has an important role in DNA repair mechanisms and genomic polymorphisms of XRCC1 gene affect the function of the protein. In the present case-control study, we aimed to compare the genotype frequency distributions of XRCC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in terms of the presence of other risk factors (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, smoking, obesity, radiation exposure) in patients with thyroid nodules who had fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and/or thyroid surgery due to thyroid cancer. The genotype frequency distributions of three common XRCC1 SNPs (Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln, Arg280His) were compared to those with DTC (n = 228), benign thyroid nodules (BTN, n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 93) in terms of certain pre defined risk factors such as the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, smoking, obesity, a family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure. The frequency of the GA genotype of Arg280His in DTC cases was found to be higher than in those with BTN and the healthy control group (p <0.001). The DTC group had the lowest frequency of AA genotype of Arg280His (35.5%, p <0.001). Among those with a family history of thyroid cancer, 78.9% had a GA genotype and 21.1% had the AA genotype of Arg280His (p = 0.004). The Arg280His GA genotype was more common in DTC than in cancer-free controls. The GA genotype frequency was also high in DTC cases with a family history of thyroid cancer.

Molecular Diagnostics of Thyroid Tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri E. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Diagnostic Use

Abstract Context.—Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and its incidence is steadily increasing. Papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma are the most common types of thyroid cancer and represent those tumor types for which use of molecular markers for diagnosis and prognostication is of high clinical significance. Objective.—To review the most common molecular alterations in thyroid cancer and their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Data Sources.—PubMed (US National Library of Medicine)–available review articles, peer-reviewed original articles, and experience of the author. Conclusions.—The most common molecular alterations in thyroid cancer include BRAF and RAS point mutations and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements. These nonoverlapping genetic alterations are found in more than 70% of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. These molecular alterations can be detected in surgically resected samples and fine-needle aspiration samples from thyroid nodules and can be of significant diagnostic use. The diagnostic role of BRAF mutations has been studied most extensively, and recent studies also demonstrated a significant diagnostic utility of RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARγ mutations, particularly in thyroid fine-needle aspiration samples with indeterminate cytology. In addition to the diagnostic use, BRAF V600E mutation can also be used for tumor prognostication, as this mutation is associated with higher rate of tumor recurrence and tumor-related mortality. The use of these and other emerging molecular markers is expected to improve significantly the accuracy of cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules and allow more individualized surgical and postsurgical management of patients with thyroid cancer.

Ultrasonographic Multimodality Diagnostic Model of Thyroid Nodules

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Rui-na Zhao ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yu-xin Jiang ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Xing-jian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Conventional Ultrasound ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for thyroid cancer, establish an ultrasonographic multimodality diagnostic model for thyroid nodules, and explore the diagnostic value of the model. From November 2011 to February 2015, 307 patients with a total of 367 thyroid nodules underwent conventional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and ultrasound elastography examinations before surgery. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for thyroid cancer and to establish a multimodality diagnostic model for thyroid nodules. The diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, CEUS, ultrasound elastography, and the multimodality diagnostic model was assessed and compared. The following seven independent risk factors were included in the logistic regression models: age, irregular shape, hypoechoic pattern, marked hypoechoic pattern, irregular blood flow distribution, heterogeneous enhancement, and an elastic score of 3/4. The multimodality diagnostic model had a diagnostic accuracy of 86.9%, with a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 77.3%. The multimodality diagnostic model improved the diagnostic accuracy compared with that of conventional ultrasound, CEUS, and ultrasound elastography. Independent risk factors for thyroid cancer included age, irregular shape, hypoechoic pattern, marked hypoechoic pattern, irregular blood flow distribution, heterogeneous enhancement, and an elastic score of 3/4. The multimodality diagnostic model was demonstrated to be effective in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

scholarly journals What is New on Thyroid Cancer Biomarkers

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria M. Ruggeri ◽  
Alfredo Campennì ◽  
Sergio Baldari ◽  
Francesco Trimarchi ◽  
Maria Trovato
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Follicular Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Well Differentiated

Thyroid cancer harbours in about 5% of thyroid nodules. The majority of them are well-differentiated cancers originating from the follicular epithelium, and are subdivided into papillary and follicular carcinomas. Undifferentiated carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas arising from C cells are less common. Although most thyroid nodules are benign, distinguishing thyroid cancer from benign lesions is crucial for an appropriate treatment and follow-up. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) allows the diagnosis of nature of thyroid nodules in the majority of cases. However, FNAC has some limitations, particularly in the presence of follicular lesions which can appear dubious in rare instances even at histology. In an effort to improve diagnostic accuracy and offer new prognostic criteria, several immunohistochemical and molecular markers have been proposed. However, most of them have to be validated on large series before being used in routine practice.

scholarly journals VCAM1 (T-1591C and T-833C) and E-selectin S128R polymorphisms are not risk factors for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Sevgin Degirmencioglu ◽  
Pervin Vural ◽  
Ayşenur Özderya ◽  
Semra Dogru Abbasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
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