scholarly journals Plasma corticotrophin response to desmopressin in patients with Cushing's disease correlates with the expression of vasopressin receptor 2, but not with that of vasopressin receptor 1 or 3, in their pituitary tumours

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Author(s):  
Fan-Fen Wang ◽  
Kam-Tsun Tang ◽  
Yu-Shu Yen ◽  
Donald Ming-Tak Ho ◽  
An-Hang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Vasopressin Receptor ◽  
Pituitary Tumours

TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON HUMAN PITUITARY TUMOURS: RADIOIMMUNOASSAYABLE ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren G. Lipson ◽  
Inese Z. Beitins ◽  
Paul D. Kornblith ◽  
Janet W. Mc Arthur ◽  
Henry G. Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones

ABSTRACT A tissue culture study was undertaken to determine if human non-functioning pituitary tumours secrete polypeptide anterior pituitary hormones in vitro and to study the spectrum of hormone release by functioning pituitary neoplasms. Fragments from 48 human pituitary tumours (from patients - 2 with Cushing's disease, 1 with Nelson's syndrome, 5 with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea, 10 with acromegaly and 30 with non-functioning pituitary tumours) and three normal human anterior pituitary glands (controls) were placed in tissue culture immediately after surgery. The in vitro release of human growth hormone (HGH), prolactin (Prl), thyrotrophin (TSH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassays at the end of one week in culture. Clinical and pathological data were compared to hormone release patterns. In the culture media from control pituitaries the concentrations of the six hormones tested were 100 to 10 000 times greater than in peripheral blood. The medium surrounding the fragments from functioning pituitary tumours contained the following: a) Acromegaly - high levels of HGH and variable concentrations of the other hormones. b) Cushing's disease - ACTH and Prl predominantly. c) Amenorrhcea-galactorrhoea syndrome - prolactin in 4 out of 5 patients, all six polypeptides in one patient. In the media from the 30 patients diagnosed as having non-functioning pituitary tumours, 60 % of the samples contained at least one hormone at a concentration similar to that of the controls and 100 % of the samples contained detectable quantities of at least one hormone.

CUSHING'S DISEASE IN A PATIENT WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND PITUITARY TUMOUR

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
H. Gadeholt ◽  
K. Ronold ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Ovarian Dysgenesis ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma

ABSTRACT A thirty-nine years old woman with primary amenorrhoea and increased excretion of gonadotrophins, developed a chromophobe adenoma in the pituitary gland. Only a few years before she died, the diagnosis of Cushing's disease was made which progressed despite hypophysectomy. Evidence is given for the conclusion, that the patient suffered from ovarian dysgenesis, which secondarily led to hyperfunction and tumour formation of the pituitary gland and also to development of Cushing's disease. It is concluded that patients with hypogonadism should be observed for pituitary tumour formation, and that adequate substitution therapy may prevent formation of pituitary tumours.

scholarly journals ACTH Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome: A 72-Hour Trial of Octreotide will Identify Patients with Pituitary Dependent and Ectopic ACTH Overproduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Omayma Elshafie ◽  
Nicholas Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Aims: To determine whether the use of an octreotide suppression test will reliably distinguish pituitary from ectopic ACTH overproduction.  Somatostatin receptors are expressed in NETs, but are downgraded in the pituitary as the result of hypercortisolaemia. Octreotide should therefore lower ACTH and cortisol levels in patients with NETs but not in patients with Cushing’s disease and pituitary tumors. Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed in 13 patents with ACTH dependent Cushing’s (8 women, 5 men) with ages ranging between 21 to 40 years were studied. Serum cortisol concentrations were measured at 0800 hrs before and during the administration of. Octreotide at a dosage of 100 mcg subcutaneously every 8 hours for 72 hours. Results: The serum cortisol concentrations returned to normal in 4 patients who were later documented to have ectopic disease, two with typical bronchial carcinoids and two with pancreatic NETs and metastatic disease. The other 9 patients had no suppression in serum cortisol concentrations and were documented later to have pituitary tumours. Conclusion: These results indicate that a short trial of octreotide will identify patients with ectopic disease as evidenced by a fall in serum cortisol levels whereas in those with Cushing’s disease and pituitary tumours serum cortisol levels remains unchanged.  Recommendation: We recommend all patients with ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome have an octreotide suppression test, even if the MRI shows an adenoma, so as to exclude the possibility of a pituitary incidentaloma in a patient with ectopic disease, or false localization from IPSS to the pituitary gland due to ectopic CRH secretion.

scholarly journals GEOFFREY HARRIS AWARD 2019: Translational research in pituitary tumours

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter K Stalla ◽  
Christina Dimopoulou ◽  
Caroline Jung-Sievers ◽  
Eduardo Arzt ◽  
Marcelo Paez Pereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
The Impact

Although effective treatment regimens (surgical resection, drug treatment with dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogues, radiotherapy) have been established for the therapy of most pituitary tumours, a considerable proportion of affected patients cannot completely cured due to incomplete resection or drug resistance. Moreover, even if hormone levels have been normalized, patients with hormone-secreting tumours still show persistent pathophysiological alterations in metabolic, cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric parameters and have an impaired quality of life. In this review reasons for the discrepancy between biochemical cure and incomplete recovery from tumour-associated comorbidities are discussed and the clinical management is delineated exemplarily for patients with acromegaly and Cushing’s disease. In view of the development of additional treatment concepts for the treatment of pituitary adenomas we speculate about the relevance of RSUME as a potential target for the development of an anti-angiogenic therapy. Moreover, the role of BMP-4 which stimulates prolactinoma development through the Smad signalling cascade is described and its role as putative drug target for the treatment of prolactinomas is discussed. Regarding the well-known resistance of a part of somatotropinomas to somatostatin analogue treatment, recently identified mechanisms responsible for the drug resistance are summarized and ways to overcome them in future treatment concepts are presented. Concerning novel therapeutic options for patients with Cushing’s disease the impact of retinoic acid, which is currently tested in clinical studies, is shown, and the action and putative therapeutic impact of silibinin to resolve glucocorticoid resistance in these patients is critically discussed.

α-Amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in human pituitary tumours

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fenger ◽  
A. H. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Nelson’S Syndrome ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Nelson's Syndrome

ABSTRACT Human pituitary tumours, obtained at surgery for Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome, were extracted and the content and molecular forms of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides determined by radioimmunoassay, gel chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sequence analysis. In the tumours from patients with Cushing's disease the mean concentrations of amidated peptides relative to the total amount of POMC were as follows: α-MSH, 1·7%; amidated γ-MSH (γ1-MSH), 8·5% and the peptide linking γ-MSH and ACTH in the precursor (hinge peptide or joining peptide) in its amidated form (HP-N), 17·1%. The same relative concentrations in the tumours from patients with Nelson's syndrome were 8·5% (α-MSH), 7·5% (γ1-MSH) and 12·2% (HP-N). More than 95% of the ACTH(1–39) immunoreactivity eluted as synthetic ACTH(1–39) by gel chromatography and HPLC. The remaining ACTH(1–39) immunoreactivity eluted as partly glycosylated high molecular weight forms. All the α-MSH and its glycine-extended precursor ACTH(1–14) were of low molecular weight, mainly non- or mono-acetylated forms, but significant amounts of diacetylated analogues were also present. γ1-MSH and γ2-MSH immunoreactivities eluted as high molecular weight forms and were partly glycosylated. No low molecular weight forms of γ1-MSH or γ2-MSH could be detected in the pituitary tumours. Amidated hinge peptide was mainly of the 30 amino acid form. In conclusion, all the molecular forms of the amidated peptides detected in tumours from patients with Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome were similar to the molecular forms found in the normal human pituitary. The main difference between the tumours and the normal pituitary was the greater amount of peptides produced, particularly α-MSH and γ1-MSH. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 329–338

Pituitary

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-248
Author(s):  
Niki Karavitaki ◽  
Chris Thompson ◽  
Iona Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

This chapter covers the pituitary gland. It starts with the anatomy and physiology, then moves on to imaging, and pituitary function. It then covers common tests, including ITT, glucagon, ACTH stimulation, arginine, clomiphene, hCG, and TRH. It then begins to cover disorders of pituitary function, with treatment, hormone replacement, and investigation all included. Pituitary tumours are described, along with investigation, diagnosis, and treatment. Other disorders, including Cushing’s disease, cysts, inflammatory conditions are all included. Complications from other conditions are also described.

scholarly journals Cyclin D and cyclin E expression in normal and adenomatous pituitary

2000 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jordan ◽  
K Lidhar ◽  
M Korbonits ◽  
DG Lowe ◽  
AB Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cell Counts

OBJECTIVES: Cyclins play an important role in the regulation of cell progression through the cell cycle. Over-expression of the cyclins has been shown in many different tumour types. Pituitary adenomas are a common form of endocrine neoplasia in the human, but have been little studied in terms of the expression of the principal cyclins regulating checkpoint exit, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. METHODS: We therefore investigated the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E in a range of benign and metastatic pituitary tumours. We studied a total of 95 pituitaries, including normal pituitary (n=20), Cushing's disease (n=19), somatotroph tumours (n=19), non-functioning adenomas (n=18), prolactinomas (n=7), aggressive tumours (n=9) and pituitary carcinoma (n=3). All tumours and normal tissue were immunostained for cyclin D1 and cyclin E using a standard technique, and were then subjected to blinded analysis by a single observer and the extent of staining quantified on the basis of 500 cell counts per tissue. The distribution of positive staining between different tissues was analysed by non-parametric test procedures. RESULTS: There was no cytoplasmic staining for cyclin D1 in any tissue. Nuclear staining was generally sparse, but was statistically more frequent in non-functioning and aggressive tumours compared with other tumour types or normal pituitary. Cyclin E was also sparsely expressed, but was specifically increased in corticotroph tumours from patients with Cushing's disease. CONCLUSIONS: We report cyclin D1 over-expression in aggressive and non-functioning pituitary tumours, and that cyclin E expression is more frequently seen in Cushing's disease. The high level of cyclin E expression in Cushing's disease may relate to the low level of p27 protein expression previously reported in corticotroph tumours.

Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariantonella Tagliaferri ◽  
Maria Elisa Berselli ◽  
Paola Loli
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Transsphenoidal Microsurgery

Abstract. The study shows the results of transsphenoidal microsurgery in 23 patients with Cushing's disease (CD). Out of the 21 patients with tumour confined to the sella, 18 who had selective adenomectomy, and 1 who underwent total hypophysectomy had correction of hypercortisolism. None of the patients with extrasellar extension of the tumour was cured. In 2 cases no adenoma was found intra-operatively. Post-operative hypoadrenalism was documented in all the patients who remitted clinically. By 3–26 months after surgery, adequate cortisol secretion was found in 12 patients, nine of whom regained diurnal variation of cortisol secretion and ten cortisol responsiveness to hypoglycaemia; a normal or near normal response of cortisol to CRF was documented in 11 out of 17 patients tested. Thyroid and gonadal function was restored in all but two patients in clinical remission, whereas GH responsiveness to hypoglycaemia appeared impaired in 11. Two patients had recurrence of the disease 2 and 3 years, respectively, after successful adenomectomy. In our experience transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy is an effective treatment for most patients with CD; additional therapeutic approaches should be considered for patients bearing pituitary tumours with extrasellar extension, whose surgical outcome is often disappointing.

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