scholarly journals Possible pathogenic role of T helper type 9 cells and interleukin (IL)-9 in atopic dermatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ma ◽  
H.-B. Xue ◽  
X.-H. Guan ◽  
C.-M. Shu ◽  
J.-H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Helper Type

Atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Peters ◽  
Anju T. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Helper Type

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and a close association with IgE mediated sensitization to aeroallergens and foods. More than 60% of children with AD are at risk to develop allergic rhinitis or asthma (the atopic march). The distribution of lesions varies by age. Infants tend to have lesions on the cheeks and scalp, and very young children typically have involvement over the extremities, cheeks, forehead, and neck. A rash in the diaper area of infants is rarely AD. Lesions in older children and adults are usually located in flexural areas, such as the antecubital and popliteal fossae, along with the head and neck. Acute lesions of AD begin as erythematous papules and serous exudates. Secondary lesions include excoriations and crusted erosions due to scratching. Subacute lesions appear as erythematous scaling papules and plaques. If the itch and rash progress uncontrolled, then chronic lichenified AD develops, which features accentuated skin markings with hyperpigmentation. Trigger avoidance, skin hydration, and topical steroids are the first steps for improvement. In acute lesions of AD, the T-helper type 2 cells produce interleukin (IL) 4, IL-13, and IL-31, which may potentiate barrier dysfunction and contribute to pruritus. In chronic lesions, the T-helper type 1 cells predominate and secrete interferon γ and IL-12. Barrier dysfunction from filaggrin predisposes patients to AD. Skin superinfection, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, is common, and cultures of affected lesions help guide therapy. Eczema herpeticum from herpes simplex virus can be life threatening in patients with AD.

scholarly journals Influenza virus-specific CD4+ T helper type 2 T lymphocytes do not promote recovery from experimental virus infection.

1994 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Graham ◽  
V L Braciale ◽  
T J Braciale
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Type

T lymphocytes play a primary role in recovery from viral infections and in antiviral immunity. Although viral-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells have been shown to be able to lyse virally infected targets in vitro and promote recovery from lethal infection in vivo, the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes and their mechanism(s) of action in viral immunity are not well understood. The ability to further dissect the role that CD4+ T cells play in the immune response to a number of pathogens has been greatly enhanced by evidence for more extensive heterogeneity among the CD4+ T lymphocytes. To further examine the role of CD4+ T cells in the immune response to influenza infection, we have generated influenza virus-specific CD4+ T cell clones from influenza-primed BALB/c mice with differential cytokine secretion profiles that are defined as T helper type 1 (Th1) clones by the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), or as Th2 clones by the production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Our studies have revealed that Th1 clones are cytolytic in vitro and protective against lethal challenge with virus in vivo, whereas Th2 clones are noncytolytic and not protective. Upon further evaluation of these clonal populations we have shown that not only are the Th2 clones nonprotective, but that pulmonary pathology is exacerbated as compared with control mice as evidenced by delayed viral clearance and massive pulmonary eosinophilia. These data suggest that virus-specific CD4+ T cells of the Th2 subset may not play a primary role in virus clearance and recovery and may lead to immune mediated potentiation of injury.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Crucial role of interleukin-7 in T helper type 17 survival and expansion in autoimmune disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1673
Author(s):  
Xuebin Liu ◽  
Stewart Leung ◽  
Chunxia Wang ◽  
Zhu Tan ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Helper Type

scholarly journals Increased IL-26 Expression Promotes T Helper Type 17- and T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokine Production by Keratinocytes in Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-644.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kamijo ◽  
Tomomitsu Miyagaki ◽  
Yoshio Hayashi ◽  
Taro Akatsuka ◽  
Sayaka Watanabe-Otobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Type

Association of T helper type 2 cytokines with sensitization to food in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Ilona Paulauskaitė ◽  
Audronė Eidukaitė ◽  
Odilija Rudzevičienė ◽  
Rasa Orentaitė
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Helper Type
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