The relationship between biomarkers of fungal allergy and lung damage in asthma

Abstract Inflammatory burden is associated with COVID-19 severity and outcomes. Residual computed tomography (CT) lung abnormalities have been reported after COVID-19. The aim was to evaluate the association between inflammatory burden during COVID-19 and residual lung CT abnormalities collected on follow-up CT scans performed 2–3 and 6–7 months after COVID-19, in severe COVID-19 pneumonia survivors. C-reactive protein (CRP) curves describing inflammatory burden during the clinical course were built, and CRP peaks, velocities of increase, and integrals were calculated. Other putative determinants were age, sex, mechanical ventilation, lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio, D-dimer peak, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Of the 259 included patients (median age 65 years; 30.5% females), 202 (78%) and 100 (38.6%) had residual, predominantly non-fibrotic, abnormalities at 2-3 and 6-7 months, respectively. In age- and sex-adjusted models, best CRP predictors for residual abnormalities were CRP peak (odds ratio [OR] for one standard deviation [SD] increase=1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.23-2.62) at 2-3 months and CRP integral (OR for one SD increase=2.24; 95%CI=1.53-3.28) at 6-7 months. Hence, inflammation is associated with short- and medium-term lung damage in COVID-19. Other severity measures, including mechanical ventilation and LOS, but not D-dimer, were mediators of the relationship between CRP and residual abnormalities.

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Clinical determinants of coronavirus disease COVID-19 manifestation

HYPERTENSION ◽

10.22141/2224-1485.14.5.2021.245241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

O.M. Kovalyova

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Point Of View ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Virus Pneumonia ◽

Infection Disease ◽

Systemic Manifestations ◽

Different Populations ◽

The Relationship

The article presents the review of modern publications on the assessment of the factors which have impact on susceptibility, clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 infection. Statistical data on rate of increased blood pressure and adverse clinical signs of infection disease in different populations are shown. The important role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as functional cellular receptor for coronavirus and its participation in multiple systemic manifestations of COVID-19 are presented. The mechanisms of damage effects of cigarette smoking in virus pneumonia have been described. According to literature data, the relationship between metabolic disorders related to obesity and risk of severe coronavirus course is emphasized. From a pathophysiological point of view, an explanation is given for the occurrence of threatening complications in patients with a new coronavirus infection in the presence of diabetes mellitus — massive lung damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, prothrombotic condition, venous and arterial thrombosis.

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Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Diseases in Preterm Newborns

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212504 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12504

Author(s):

Laura Cannavò ◽

Serafina Perrone ◽

Valeria Viola ◽

Lucia Marseglia ◽

Gabriella Di Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Pulmonary Vasodilators ◽

The Relationship ◽

Preterm Newborns ◽

Oxidative Insult

Premature infants are exposed to increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and on the other hand, they have a deficient antioxidant defense system. Oxidative insult is a salient part of lung injury that begins as acute inflammatory injury in respiratory distress disease and then evolves into chronic and structural scarring leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Oxidative stress is also involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in newborns through the modulation of the vascular tone and the response to pulmonary vasodilators, with consequent decrease in the density of the pulmonary vessels and thickening of the pulmonary arteriolar walls. Oxidative stress has been recognized as both a trigger and an endpoint for several events, including inflammation, hypoxia, hyperoxia, drugs, transfusions, and mechanical ventilation, with impairment of pulmonary function and prolonged lung damage. Redoxomics is the most fascinating new measure to address lung damage due to oxidative stress. The new challenge is to use omics data to discover a set of biomarkers useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and formulating optimal and individualized neonatal care. The aim of this review was to examine the most recent evidence on the relationship between oxidative stress and lung diseases in preterm newborns. What is currently known regarding oxidative stress-related lung injury pathogenesis and the available preventive and therapeutic strategies are also discussed.

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NADPH Oxidase 4 Signaling in a Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104053/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sang Hoon Lee ◽

Mi Hwa Shin ◽

Ah Young Leem ◽

Su Hwan Lee ◽

Kyung Soo Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Injury ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽

Ventilator Induced Lung Injury ◽

Oxygen Fraction ◽

Cell Counts ◽

The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundFor patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. In this study, we investigated the role of NOX4 in lung injury using NOX4 knockout (KO) mice and NOX4 inhibitors in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model.MethodsWild-type male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 KO male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group: wild-type (WT) mice + non-ventilator; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV; (3) NOX4 KO group: NOX4 KO + non-ventilator; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group: NOX4 KO mice + HTV; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + post-treatment (anti-GKT 137831 inhibitor). In the VILI model, the supine position was maintained at 24 mL/kg volume, 0 cm H2O PEEP, 100/min respiratory rate, and 0.21 inspired oxygen fraction. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, 50 μL anti-GKT 137831 inhibitor was injected intraperitoneally, 2 h after ventilator use. After 5 h of HTV, mice in the ventilator group were euthanized, and their lung tissues were obtained for further analysis. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined.ResultsCell counts from BALFs were significantly lower (p<0.01) in the NOX4 KO with HTV group compared to that in the HTV group. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p<0.001). In the NOX4 KO mouse group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p<0.001). In patients with respiratory disease, NOX4 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the intensive care unit.ConclusionsIn the VILI model, NOX4 expression is significantly associated with Eph-ephrin signaling. It may be possible to block VILI using NOX4 antibodies.

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IL-17 Inversely Correlated with IL-10 via the STAT3 Gene in Pneumocystis-Infected Mice

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/6750861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Heng-Mo Rong ◽

Xiao-Jun Qian ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

Ting Li ◽

Zhao-Hui Tong

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Critical Role ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Antibody Neutralization ◽

Common Opportunistic Infection ◽

B10 Cells ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a common opportunistic infection in immunosuppressed individuals. Current studies showed that multiple immune cells and cytokines took part in the host defense against Pneumocystis (PC). However, the roles of IL-17 and IL-10 in the development of PCP have not been elucidated. Methods. IL-10 and IL-17 levels in serum from PCP mice were detected via ELISA. The percentages of B10 cells, IL-10+ macrophages, and IL-10+ T cells in the lung from IL-17–/– PCP mice and Th17 cells and IL-17+γδT cells in IL-10–/– PCP mice were examined via flow cytometry. Also, antibody neutralization examination was also performed to elucidate the relationship of IL-17 and IL-10 in the PCP model. Results. We noted the increase of IL-17 and IL-10 levels in serum from mice infected with Pneumocystis. Furthermore, deficiency of IL-17 or IL-10 could lead to the delayed clearance of Pneumocystis and more severed lung damage. Our data also demonstrated that IL-17 deficiency enhanced the serum IL-10 level and the percentages of B10 cells, IL-10+ macrophages, and IL-10+ T cells in the lung from PCP mice. Interestingly, we also noted an increase of the IL-17 level in serum and Th17 cell and IL-17+γδT cell percentages in the lung from IL-10–/– PCP mice. Using antibody neutralization experiments, we found that the STAT3 gene might play a critical role in the interplay of IL-17 and IL-10 in PCP. Conclusion. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IL-17 and IL-10 could play the protective roles in the progression of PCP and the inverse correlation of them might be mediated by STAT3.

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CHANGING OF PULMONARY ARTERY DIAMETER IN ACCORDANCE WITH SEVERITY OF COVID-19 (ASSESSMENT BASED ON NON-CONTRAST COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY)

Digital Diagnostics ◽

10.17816/dd76726 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander F. Aliev ◽

Nikita D. Kudryavtsev ◽

Alexey Vladimirovich Petraikin ◽

Zlata R. Artyukova ◽

Andrey S. Shkoda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Main Pulmonary Artery ◽

Age Groups ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Lung Damage ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Pulmonary Artery Diameter

Backgraund: search for the causes of the severe course of COVID-19 by computed tomography of chest, in particular, to clarify the contribution of pulmonary hypertension in the severe course of COVID-19 Aims: To establish the relationship between the expansion of the pulmonary artery and an increase in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study performed on a group of patients (n = 511, 267 male. Median 59, IQR 49.065.0, min 31 max 84 y.o.) treated in a COVID-19 temporary hospital. Chest CT was performed on a portable computed tomography Airo TruCT (Stryker, USA). The degree of damage of the lung parenchyma was assessed by the CT scale 1(25%); 2(25-50%) 3(50-75%), 4(75%). The diameters of the main pulmonary artery (PA), aorta (Ao) and PA/Ao ratio were measured. Results: The following statistically evident results were obtained: expansion of the pulmonary artery (PA) and PA/Ao ratio increased with rise of the degree of lung damage in COVID-19. Expansion of the aorta was significantly correlated with increasing age of the patients. Discussion: We suggested, this fact and noted expansion of PA in 52.0-65.5% of patients with severe COVID-19 (CT 3-4) is an indicator of a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension in this disease. This requires additional research. Conclusion: It has been shown that the expansion of the pulmonary artery and an increase in the ratio of PA/Ao diameters are associated with an increase in the severity of COVID-19 in all age groups. KEYWORDS COVID-19, pulmonary artery, pulmonary hypertension, aorta, computed tomography.

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SIMULATION STUDY TO COMPARE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BLAST-INDUCED OBJECTIVE INDICES AND THE SURVIVAL RATE OF SUBJECTS WITH PRIMARY BLAST LUNG INJURY

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519415500438 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 1550043

Author(s):

YOUNG MIN PARK ◽

KYOUNG WON NAM ◽

JONG HOON AHN ◽

DONG PYO JANG ◽

IN YOUNG KIM

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Principal Stress ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Principal Strain ◽

Blast Overpressure ◽

Blast Lung Injury ◽

Sigmoidal Curve ◽

Decay Parameters ◽

The Relationship

When an injury due to blast overpressure (BOP) is generated, it is important to estimate the severity of the injury using information about the blast conditions and to supply proper treatments according to the degree of the damage. However, there have been no investigations that have tried to verify the relationship between the blast-related objective indices and the degree of blast-induced injury. In this study, the correlations between the survival rate of the subjects with BOP-induced lung damage and each of four blast-induced indices, first principal strain, first principal strain rate, first principal stress and pulmonary inner pressure, were investigated using a simplified thorax model by introducing the concept of the V ACC –V LUNG ratio graph which represents the volume ratio between the seriously-damaged meshes and the overall meshes of the thorax model in respect to each index. Experimental results demonstrated that the decay parameters of the sigmoidal curve-fitted graphs of the first principal stress are the most effective of the analyzed indices for the estimation of the survival rate in patients with blast-induced lung damage. The results have a potential clinical application to improve the efficacy of treatment for blast injury patients.

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Drugs associated with drug-induced interstitial lung diseases

Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika ◽

10.37489/2588-0519-2021-2-39-51 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-51

Author(s):

O. D. Ostroumova ◽

A. I. Listratov ◽

A. I. Kochetkov ◽

D. A. Sychev

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Failure ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Drug Induced ◽

The Relationship

Interstitial lesion is one of the causes of respiratory failure. Drugs are a modifiable etiological factor of lung damage. Medications most commonly associated with drug-induced interstitial lung disease include antineoplastic drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and amiodarone. According to the latest literature data, the previously described link between anti-rheumatic drugs and interstitial lung diseases is very inconsistent. It may even be a protective effect of this group of drugs on the lung tissue. The relationship between statin use and interstitial lesions is also complex and not fully understood. It is necessary to carefully assess the appearance of respiratory tract complaints in patients taking statins as in other groups of patients. Prescription of additional diagnostic methods is necessary to close monitoring and prevention the toxic effect of these drugs. These actions, as well as the potential prescription of steroid therapy and change in the underlying disease treatment approaches, are an important factor in reducing the incidence of respiratory failure in the population.

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Chemical Breath

Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty - Chemical Youth ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_3 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 81-111

Author(s):

Anita Hardon

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Young People ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

Social Bonding ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Media Messages ◽

The Social ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Chemical Breath presents two focused ethnographies that look at the relationship between young people and the inhaling of tobacco and synthetic cannabinoids. The first comes from a group of young people in Paris who smoke electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), who refer to themselves as “vapoteurs,” and the second comes from a group of young people in Makassar who smoke synthetic cannabinoids. The young people partaking in these popular practices value the social bonding they experience; they are also bombarded with social media messages encouraging the use of these products. And both face harms that may increase the precariousness of their lives: the Makassarian youth face imprisonment if discovered, and the health consequences of these synthetics are not fully understood. Similarly, the Parisian youth also risk lung damage, as vaping, while advertised as “safer” and sought out as a means to reduce the harms associated with cigarette smoke, exposes consumers to chemicals that either are understudied or known to be threats to health. The chapter concludes by pointing how these young people’s lives would benefit from sensible government regulation.

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