Oral health and related risk indicators in north‐central Appalachia differ by rurality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiao Zhou ◽  
Richard Cuddy ◽  
Daniel W. McNeil ◽  
Casey D. Wright ◽  
Richard J. Crout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
North Central ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Central Appalachia

scholarly journals Predictors of use of dental care by children in north-central Appalachia in the USA

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0250488
Author(s):  
Cecelia I. Nelson ◽  
Casey D. Wright ◽  
Jamey T. Brumbaugh ◽  
Katherine Neiswanger ◽  
Richard J. Crout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
North Central ◽  
Dental Utilization ◽  
Central Appalachia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Use of dental services in childhood, especially preventive care, is associated with many important oral health outcomes throughout life. The Andersen behavioral model of healthcare utilization posits that predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and need factors predict utilization in oral and other healthcare domains. Inequities that produce lower utilization of dental services in north-central Appalachia have been documented in comparison to the USA generally. Additionally, within Appalachia, there are disparities, such as those across different states related to varying public policies and resources supporting healthcare. Predictors of dental utilization in Appalachia have been a focus in adults, but less so in children. The aim of the current study was to understand predictors of dental utilization in children in north-central Appalachia in order to inform future research about how to intervene to address these disparities. In this study, there were 1,178 children, ages 1 through 10 years, from selected representative counties in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, along with a parent/caregiver, who were part of the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1) cohort. Use of dental services by their child was indicated by parents/caregivers, who also reported on sociodemographic, dental care-related anxiety and fear, and values and attitudes associated with oral healthcare. Results indicated that use of professional dental services by children was related to child age, dental anxiety and fear, and parental oral health values and attitudes. Older children in this age group, those who evidenced more dental care-related anxiety and fear, and whose parent/caregiver placed higher value on oral health and healthcare for themselves, were more likely to have had a dental visit in the past year.

scholarly journals Non-Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphisms with Homocysteine Levels, Venous or Arterial Thromboses in 1,141 North-Central Appalachian Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Farhad Khimani ◽  
Peter Perrotta ◽  
Gerry Hobbs ◽  
Thomas Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphism ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphisms ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Appalachia

<p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Objectives</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: MTHFR polymorphism testing has been used by clinicians for thrombophilia risk assessment. We questioned the utility of such testing.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Methods</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: 1,141 patients age 18 and above had MTHFR testing for both C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, 2006 through 2012. Available plasma homocysteine levels were obtained and ICD-9 billing codes were grouped to identify venous or arterial clots in these patients.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: 901 women and 240 men were tested; median age in women was 33 years (range 18-86); median age in men was 47 years (range 18-83). County of residence mapping confirmed that this MTHFR tested population was from north-central Appalachia. Only 144 (13%) of the 1,141 patients had no polymorphism at either the C677T or the A1298C locus; only 4 patients (0.4%) had 3 or more polymorphisms; 993 patients (87%) had either one or two polymorphisms. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">We found polymorphism frequency pattern similar in both sexes. Although men had higher homocysteine levels, MTHFR polymorphisms did not associate with homocysteine levels in either sex. In 901 women tested, the ICD-9 coded incidence of arterial clots was 20%, and of venous clots was 21%; in 240 men tested, the incidence of arterial clots was 48% and of venous clots was 40%. MTHFR polymorphisms did not associate with arterial or venous clots in either sex. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Based on CPT billing codes, a minimal cost estimate was $137,000 for performing these 1,141 MTHFR tests.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusions</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: MTHFR testing was costly and did not add useful information during thrombophilia evaluation in this patient population. </span></p>

Influence of Prognostic Risk Indicators on Osseointegrated Dental Implant Failure: A Matched Case-Control Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Alissa ◽  
Richard J. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Wide Diameter ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Case Control Analysis

Dental implant treatment is an important therapeutic modality with documented long-term success for replacement of missing teeth. However, dental implants can be susceptible to disease conditions or healing complications that may lead to implant loss. This case-control study identified several risk indicators associated with failure such as smoking and alcohol consumption. The use of postoperative antibiotics or wide-diameter implants may significantly reduce implant failure. Knowledge of patient-related risk factors may assist the clinician in proper case selection and treatment planning.

Caries experience of young adults attending a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E Enabulele ◽  
Kennedy E Omanudhowho ◽  
Nneka M Chukwumah
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Dental caries is a public oral health problem and one of the major unmet needs in oral health amongst children and young population. This study sought to assess the caries experience as well as determine the significant risk indicators for caries among young adults attending a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Method: A one year retrospective study of patients within the age group 20-40 years who visited the dental out-patient clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The data of interest retrieved from the files included demographics (Gender, Age, Marital Status and Occupation), presenting complaint, missing teeth, decayed teeth, filled teeth. All data collected was subjected to statistical analysis in form of frequencies, percentages, Mean, T-test, cross tabulations, logistic regression and chi square with level of significance set at 0.05 using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 21.0. Results: A total of 1,803 patients’ records were used for the study. The caries prevalence in this study population was high (65.2%) with a mean DMFT score of 1.93±2.3.The mean DMFT for males was 1.75±2.02 while for females was 2.12±2.54 and this was statistically significant. Occupation and age were associated with caries experience. The tooth with the highest caries affectation was the first permanent molars. Conclusion:The caries prevalence in this study population was high; occupation and age were significant risk indicators for caries, while married young adults had a greater caries experience.

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