scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the impact of change in socioeconomic status on dental caries in the permanent dentition of Swedish children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Anna‐Lena Östberg ◽  
Max Petzold
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescences and its association with age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and other risk factors. A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa M.S. Abbass ◽  
Sara Ahmed Mahmoud ◽  
Sara El Moshy ◽  
Dina Rady ◽  
Nermeen AbuBakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Decayed Tooth

Background: Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial disease, with limited data available for the Egyptian population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescents in correlation with age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, parental education, biological risk factors and dietary habits. Methods: A total number of 369 Egyptian children and adolescents (age ranges from 3-18 years) were examined over the period from 15th November 2017 to 13th January 2018. Socio-demographic data, oral hygiene measures and dietary habits for children were recorded. Dental status was analyzed using decayed, missing and filled tooth index (dmft) for deciduous dentition and (DMFT) index for permanent dentition. For mixed dentition (deft) index was used, d (decayed tooth indicated for filling), e (decayed tooth indicated for extraction) and f (filled tooth). Results: 74% of the children had dental caries with mean dmft: 3.23±4.07; deft: 4.21±3.21; DMFT: 1.04±1.56. In primary dentition, dmft of the children was positively correlated with age, beans, candies, crackers, chocolates and inversely correlated with gender, socio-economic status (SES), parental education, brushing frequency of the parent, brushing frequency of the parent to the child teeth, brushing frequency of the child and consumption of eggs, fruits/vegetables, milk and milk products. In mixed dentition, deft was positively correlated with candies, crackers, citric juices, while negatively correlated with age, SES, parental education, brushing frequency of the parent to the child, brushing frequency of the child, fruits/vegetables. In permanent dentition, DMFT in children was positively correlated with age and chocolates while not correlated with any of the remaining risk factors. Conclusion: The present study clarifies the significant risk factors associated with dental caries amongst Egyptian children. This will help in planning strategies to prevent and treat such disease.

scholarly journals Cigarette Affordability and Cigarette Consumption among Adult and Elderly Chinese Smokers: Evidence from A Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jidong Huang ◽  
Rong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Price Tiers ◽  
The Impact

China is in the midst of an epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which has increasingly accounted for a growing share of disease burden, due in part to China’s ongoing rapid socioeconomic changes and population aging. Smoking, the second leading health risk factors associated with NCDs in China, disproportionately affects the old population more than their younger counterparts. Using survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study evaluated the impact of changes in cigarette affordability on smoking behavior among middle-aged and elderly (age 45 and older) smokers. Self-reported cigarette price and disposable income were used to calculate cigarette affordability. Cigarette consumption was measured using the number of cigarettes smoked per day reported by the survey respondents. The correlation between cigarette affordability and cigarette consumption was estimated using generalized estimating equations adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, geolocations, and cigarette price tiers, as well as year fixed effects. The estimated overall conditional cigarette affordability elasticity of demand was –0.165, implying a 10% decrease in cigarette affordability would result in a reduction in cigarette consumption by 1.65%. The cigarette affordability responsiveness differs by demographics, socioeconomic status, geolocations, and cigarette price tiers. This study provides evidence that tax/price policies that reduce cigarette affordability could lead to a decrease in cigarette consumption among middle-aged and elderly smokers in China. Smoke-free laws, as well as minimum price regulations, may be needed to compliment excise tax policy to target specific smoking subgroups whose cigarette consumption is less sensitive to changes in cigarette affordability.

scholarly journals Childhood unintentional injury: The impact of family income, education level, occupation status, and other measures of socioeconomic status. A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifa Mahboob ◽  
Sarah A Richmond ◽  
Joshua P Harkins ◽  
Alison K Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Unintentional injuries represent a substantial public health burden among children and adolescents, and previous evidence suggests that there are disparities in injury by socioeconomic status (SES). This paper reports on a systematic review of literature on injury rates among children and adolescents by measures of SES. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using six electronic databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus. This review considered children ages 19 years and under and publications between 1997 and 2017—representing an update since the last systematic review examined this specific question. Fifty-four articles were summarized based on study and participant descriptions, outcome and exposure, statistical tests used, effect estimates, and overall significance. Results Most articles addressed risk factors across all injury mechanisms; however, some focused particularly on burns/scalds, road traffic injuries, falls/drowning cases, and playground/sports injuries. Other studies reported on specific injury types including traumatic dental injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and fractures. The studies were of moderate quality, with a median of 15.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.34 to 15.66) out of 19. Thirty-two studies found an inverse association between SES and childhood unintentional injury, three found a positive association while twenty were not significant or failed to report effect measures. Conclusion Given the variability in definition of the exposure (SES) and outcome (injury), the results of this review were mixed; however, the majority of studies supported a relationship between low SES and increased injury risk. Public health practice must consider SES, and other measures of health equity, in childhood injury prevention programming, and policy.

scholarly journals The association between eating vegetables at start of meal and dental caries among Japanese children

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ito ◽  
A Isumi ◽  
S Doi ◽  
M Ochi ◽  
T Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Dental caries is still serious problem among Japanese children. Previous studies suggested that higher consumption of vegetables prevent dental caries. Eating order habit, such as eating vegetables at start of meal, called “Vege-first”, may increase the amount of vegetable consumption, and in turn, prevent dental caries. However, no published studies have examined the impact of “Vege-first” habit on dental caries. The aim of this study to investigate the association between “Vege-first” and dental caries among Japanese children. Methods We used the 2015 cross-sectional data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study, a population-based study of all first-grade students in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. The number of DMFT (decayed, missed due to decay, and filled teeth) was used as an outcome. Poisson regression analyses were applied to determine the independent association between “Vege-first” habit and the number of DMFT after controlling for the effects from child’s sex, parents’ marital status, socioeconomic status, and frequency of tooth brushing, drinking sweet beverages, and snacking. Results Of 3,689 valid Japanese children participants, 38.2% had DMFT and 11.6% were having the “Vege-first” habit. The number of DMFT decreased linearly with “Vege-first” habit (p < 0.001). After controlled for covariates, the number of DMFT was still significantly and independently decreased with “Vege-first” habit (prevalence ratio=0.89 (95% confidential interval [0.81-0.98])). Conclusions This study showed that having the “Vege-first” habit was associated with dental caries even accounting for socioeconomic status, dental health behavior, and dietary habits. Health policy introducing “Vege-first” habit may be effective to prevent pediatric dental caries. Key messages Eating habit which vegetables at start of meal called “Vege-first” may increase the amount of vegetable consumption and possibly reduce dental caries. The habituation of Vege-first was likely to reduce child’s dental caries even accounting for socioeconomic status, dental health behavior and dietary habits.

scholarly journals Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries in U.S. Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Slade ◽  
W.B. Grider ◽  
W.R. Maas ◽  
A.E. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The U.S

Fluoridation of America’s drinking water was among the great public health achievements of the 20th century. Yet there is a paucity of studies from the past 3 decades investigating its dental health benefits in the U.S. population. This cross-sectional study sought to evaluate associations between availability of community water fluoridation (CWF) and dental caries experience in the U.S. child and adolescent population. County-level estimates of the percentage of population served by CWF (% CWF) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Water Fluoridation Reporting System were merged with dental examination data from 10 y of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999 to 2004 and 2011 to 2014). Dental caries experience in the primary dentition (decayed and filled tooth surfaces [dfs]) was calculated for 7,000 children aged 2 to 8 y and in the permanent dentition (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces [DMFS]) for 12,604 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 y. Linear regression models estimated associations between % CWF and dental caries experience with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics: age, sex, race/ethnicity, rural-urban location, head-of-household education, and period since last dental visit. Sensitivity analysis excluded counties fluoridated after 1998. In unadjusted analysis, caries experience in the primary dentition was lower in counties with ≥75% CWF (mean dfs = 3.3; 95% confidence limit [CL] = 2.8, 3.7) than in counties with <75% CWF (mean dfs = 4.6; 95% CL = 3.9, 5.4), a prevented fraction of 30% (95% CL = 11, 48). The difference was also statistically significant, although less pronounced, in the permanent dentition: mean DMFS (95% CL) was 2.2 (2.0, 2.4) and 1.9 (1.8, 2.1), respectively, representing a prevented fraction of 12% (95% CL = 1, 23). Statistically significant associations likewise were seen when % CWF was modeled as a continuum, and differences tended to increase in covariate-adjusted analysis and in sensitivity analysis. These findings confirm a substantial caries-preventive benefit of CWF for U.S. children and that the benefit is most pronounced in primary teeth.

Coronal Caries in the Primary and Permanent Dentition of Children and Adolescents 1–17 Years of Age: United States, 1988–1991

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Kaste ◽  
R.H. Selwitz ◽  
R.J. Oldakowski ◽  
J.A. Brunelle ◽  
D.M. Winn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Us Children

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Phase 1, conducted from 1988 to 1991 in the United States, included an assessment of dental caries in US children and adolescents and provided the opportunity for differences in dental caries status to be viewed by age, sex, race, and race-ethnicity. The measurement of dental caries in children and adolescents from 2 to 17 years of age included the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent tooth surfaces and teeth, and the number of decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces and teeth. Additionally, a brief visual inspection for the presence or absence of early childhood caries in the maxillary incisors was conducted for children 12 to 23 months of age. The survey yielded weighted estimates for 1988–1991 for over 58 million US children and adolescents 1 to 17 years of age. For infants aged 12 to 23 months, 0.8% were scored positive for early childhood caries. Over 60% (62.1%) of the children aged 2 to 9 years were caries-free in their primary dentition. Over half (54.7%) of the children 5 to 17 years were caries-free in their permanent dentition. The occurrence of caries in the permanent dentition is clustered: A quarter of the children and adolescents ages 5 to 17 with at least one permanent tooth accounted for about 80% of the caries experienced in permanent teeth. Differences in caries experience were found among race and race-ethnicity subpopulations, and caries patterns for the primary and permanent dentition were dissimilar. Further analyses are needed to explore other potential determinants of caries in children.

scholarly journals Does dental caries affect dental development in children and adolescents?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunilda Dhamo ◽  
Besiana Elezi ◽  
Lea Kragt ◽  
Eppo B Wolvius ◽  
Edwin M Ongkosuwito
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Untreated Dental Caries

Although a link between dietary changes, caries, and dental development has been observed, the literature provides little insight about this relationship. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between dental caries and dental development in a clinical sample of Albanian children and adolescents. In total, 118 children and adolescents, born between 1995 and 2004 and aged 6–15 years, were included. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Filled Teeth (dft) index and dental caries in the permanent dentition was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Dental development during the permanent dentition was determined using the Demirjian method. Linear and ordinal regression models were applied to analyze the associations of dental caries with dental age and developmental stages of each left mandibular tooth. Dental caries in the deciduous dentition, estimated as a median dft of 2.0 (90% range, 0.0–9.1), was significantly associated with lower dental age (β = -0.21; 90% CI: -0.29, -0.12) and with delayed development of the canine, both premolars, and the second molar. Untreated dental caries (dt) was associated with lower dental age (β = -0.19; 90% CI: -0.28, -0.10). Dental caries in the permanent dentition, estimated as a median DMFT of 1.0 (90% range, 0.0–8.0), was not significantly associated with dental age (β = 0.05; 90% CI: -0.04, 0.14). However, the DMFT was associated with the advanced stages of development of both premolars and the second molar. The untreated dental caries in the deciduous dentition delays the development of permanent teeth.

Does Dental Caries Increase Risk of Undernutrition in Children?

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110035
Author(s):  
L. Tanner ◽  
D. Craig ◽  
R. Holmes ◽  
L. Catinella ◽  
P. Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
Vote Counting

Introduction: A systematic review of the evidence on the impact of dental caries on malnutrition risk in children was conducted. Objectives: To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of dental caries severity and prevalence on risk of wasting or stunting in children. Methods: Four questions relating to caries of the permanent dentition, primary dentition, early childhood caries (ECC), and severe ECC as a risk factor for undernutrition were set. The target population was children aged 0 to 18 y from any country. Data sources included MEDLINE and Embase. All human epidemiological studies were included. Quality assessment excluded lowest-quality studies. Evidence synthesis by vote counting was depicted using harvest plots. A best available evidence approach was applied to narrative synthesis. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Results: Of the 2,690 studies identified, 447 were screened in duplicate; of these, 117 underwent quality assessment, resulting in 46 included studies, of which 38 were included in vote counting (3 quasi-experimental, 1 cohort, 1 case control, and 33 cross-sectional studies). For the permanent dentition, findings were mixed; the balance of data showed no association between caries prevalence (7/11 studies) or severity (8/17 studies) with wasting. For the primary dentition, the balance of data showed a positive association between caries prevalence (10/15 studies) and severity (12/15 studies) with wasting, as well as between-caries prevalence (4/5 studies) and severity (6/6 studies) with stunting. Considering ECC only did not alter this pattern of findings. Conclusion: The balance of evidence suggests that dental caries in the primary dentition is associated with undernutrition. There is a need for well-designed trials on the impact of caries rehabilitation on growth trajectories of children from low- and middle-income countries and for prospective studies of the impact of caries severity on both stunting and wasting to confirm causality. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by policy makers when considering the importance of oral health in addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end all forms of malnutrition. The findings suggest that dental caries in the primary dentition may impair children’s healthy weight gain. The findings indicate that higher-quality data are required to confirm a causal relationship and thus inform funding bodies of the need for research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to substantiate the current knowledge and inform clear and accurate policy statements.

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