The Immigrant Paradox in the Problem Behaviors of Youth in the United States: A Meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Tilley ◽  
Stanley J. Huey ◽  
JoAnn M. Farver ◽  
Mark H.C. Lai ◽  
Crystal X. Wang
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 71-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE B. SNYDER ◽  
MARK A. HAMILTON ◽  
ELIZABETH W. MITCHELL ◽  
JAMES KIWANUKA-TONDO ◽  
FRAN FLEMING-MILICI ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. e13-e21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burnes ◽  
Charles R. Henderson ◽  
Christine Sheppard ◽  
Rebecca Zhao ◽  
Karl Pillemer ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e52722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja M. Dukic ◽  
Diane S. Lauderdale ◽  
Jocelyn Wilder ◽  
Robert S. Daum ◽  
Michael Z. David

Author(s):  
Philip Moons ◽  
Sandra Skogby ◽  
Ewa‐Lena Bratt ◽  
Liesl Zühlke ◽  
Ariane Marelli ◽  
...  

Background The majority of people born with congenital heart disease require lifelong cardiac follow‐up. However, discontinuity of care is a recognized problem and appears to increase around the transition to adulthood. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the proportion of adolescents and emerging adults with congenital heart disease discontinuing cardiac follow‐up. In pooled data, we investigated regional differences, disparities by disease complexity, and the impact of transition programs on the discontinuity of care. Methods and Results Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and Web of Science. We identified 17 studies, which enrolled 6847 patients. A random effects meta‐analysis of single proportions was performed according to the DerSimonian‐Laird method. Moderator effects were computed to explore sources for heterogeneity. Discontinuity proportions ranged from 3.6% to 62.7%, with a pooled estimated proportion of 26.1% (95% CI, 19.2%–34.6%). A trend toward more discontinuity was observed in simple heart defects (33.7%; 95% CI, 15.6%–58.3%), compared with moderate (25.7%; 95% CI, 15.2%–40.1%) or complex congenital heart disease (22.3%; 95% CI, 16.5%–29.4%) ( P =0.2372). Studies from the United States (34.0%; 95% CI, 24.3%–45.4%), Canada (25.7%; 95% CI, 17.0%–36.7%), and Europe (6.5%; 95% CI, 5.3%–7.9%) differed significantly ( P =0.0004). Transition programs were shown to have the potential to reduce discontinuity of care (12.7%; 95% CI, 2.8%–42.3%) compared with usual care (36.2%; 95% CI, 22.8%–52.2%) ( P =0.1119). Conclusions This meta‐analysis showed that there is a high proportion of discontinuity of care in young people with congenital heart disease. The highest discontinuity proportions were observed in studies from the United States and in patients with simple heart defects. It is suggested that transition programs have a protective effect. Registration URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero . Unique identifier: CRD42020182413.


2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Bodenhorn ◽  
Timothy W. Guinnane ◽  
Thomas A. Mroz

Understanding long-term changes in human well-being is central to understanding the consequences of economic development. An extensive anthropometric literature purports to show that heights in the United States declined between the 1830s and the 1890s, which is when the U.S. economy modernized. Most anthropometric research contends that declining heights reflect the negative health consequences of industrialization and urbanization. This interpretation, however, relies on sources subject to selection bias. Our meta-analysis shows that the declining height during industrialization emerges primarily in selected samples. We also develop a parsimonious diagnostic test that reveals, but does not correct for, selection bias in height samples. When applied to four representative height samples, the diagnostic provides compelling evidence of selection.


Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Katzmarzyk ◽  
I-Min Lee

Introduction: Sedentary behaviors such as television viewing are ubiquitous in modern society. Several prospective studies have demonstrated an association between television viewing and incident obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Hypothesis: We tested the null hypothesis that television viewing has no impact on life expectancy in the United States. Methods: A prevalence-based cause-deleted methodology was used to estimate the gains in life expectancy in the population that would be expected under current mortality patterns if television viewing was eliminated as a potential risk factor in the United States. The population attributable fraction (PAF, calculated using adjusted relative risk (RR) = ∑P(RR-1/RR)) was computed from the RR of all-cause mortality associated with television viewing (2–3.9 h and ≥4 h versus < 2 h) obtained from a meta-analysis of available prospective cohort studies, and the estimated case prevalence (P) of television viewing obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–06) and the prospective cohort studies. The resulting PAF was applied to mortality rates among 18+ year olds living in the United States and an abridged life table analysis was used to estimate the potential gains in life expectancy. Results: Three prospective cohort studies contributed data to the meta-analysis, yielding summary RR estimates for all-cause mortality of 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04 – 1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.22–1.82) for 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing versus <2 h, respectively. The estimated case prevalences of television viewing in the U.S. population were 23.8%, 45.7% and 37.2% for <2 h, 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing, respectively. The estimated gain in life expectancy in the US population associated with television viewing was 1.38 years. The lower and upper limits from a sensitivity analysis which involved simultaneously varying the estimates of RR (using the upper and lower bounds of the 95% CI) and the prevalence of television viewing (± 20%) were 0.48 years and 2.50 years. Conclusions: Reducing sedentary behaviors such as television viewing has the potential to increase life expectancy in the United States.


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