Distinct Age-Related Differences in Temporal Discounting and Risk Taking in Adolescents and Young Adults

2014 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik de Water ◽  
Antonius H. N. Cillessen ◽  
Anouk Scheres
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age Related

Should Adolescents with NHL Be Treated as Old Children or Young Adults?

Hematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Sandlund
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Burkitt Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract The SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data for the years 1975–1998 show that children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have a better treatment outcome than do adults. Many factors may contribute to this age-related difference. Some factors are related to the patient (e.g., drug distribution and clearance, performance status, compliance, sex) whereas others pertain to tumor histology and biology. The spectrum of NHL subtypes is well known to differ in children and adults. From ages 5 through 14 years, Burkitt lymphoma is the predominant histologic subtype, whereas diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is most common in the 15- to 29-year age range. Because different treatment strategies are often used in children and adults with NHL, the choice of therapy for adolescents and young adults (ages 15 through 29 years) is challenging and somewhat controversial. It is reasonable to consider pediatric strategies for some adolescents and very young adults with NHL, and pediatric strategies are currently used to treat adults with certain subtypes of NHL (Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma). However, the use of pediatric strategies in adults does not guarantee a comparable outcome, as illustrated by trials for adult lymphoblastic lymphoma. There is clearly a need for further biologic study of NHL in children, adolescents, and young adults. Age-related differences in tumor biology have been demonstrated in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Additional biologic data will not only improve prognosis and treatment stratification but, more important, will lead to the identification of specific molecular targets for therapy.

AGE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTERNET ADDICTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSISOF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
A.N. Yakovlev ◽  
N.A. Chuprova ◽  
V.B. Vantey ◽  
N.N. Dolgikh ◽  
A.V. Trusova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Reference Intervals of Central Aortic Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index Assessed with an Oscillometric Device in Healthy Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults from Argentina

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alejandro Diaz ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Daniel Bia ◽  
Edmundo Cabrera Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Percentile Curves

Age-related reference intervals (RIs) of central (aortic) systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (cAIx) obtained from large healthy population are lacking in Argentina (South America). Aims. To analyze the existence of associations among cSBP and cAIx with demographic, anthropometric, and hemodynamic parameters and to generate percentile curves and RIs adjusted to each level of age and gender and/or body height. cSBP and cAIx were measured in 1038 healthy children, adolescents, and young adults. First, we evaluated if RIs for males and females were necessary using correlation and covariate analysis. Second, mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) age-related equations were obtained for cSBP and cAIx, using parametric regression methods based on fractional polynomials. Third, age specific percentiles curves were generated. Fourth, body height specific percentiles curves were generated using a similar procedure. The obtained equations (considering age as independent variable) for all subjects (cSBP0.26 and (cAIx + 12.001)0.5) were as follows: cSBP Mean = 3.0581 + 0.2189 log(Age) − 0.001044Age; cSBP SD = −0.03919 + 0.1535 log(Age) − 0.004564Age; cAIx mean = 9.5226 − 6.1599 log(Age) + 0.1450Age; cAIx SD = 1.3880 − 0.8468 log(Age) + 0.03212Age. This study, performed in Argentinean healthy children, adolescents, and young adults with ages of 5 to 22 years, provides the first RIs and percentile curves of cSBP and cAIx. Additionally, specific body height-related cAIx percentiles are reported for the analyzed population. The RIs and percentiles contribute to the knowledge of arterial dynamic evolution along the normal aging process and the interpretation of data obtained in clinical research and daily clinical practice.

scholarly journals Predictors of positive and negative risk-taking in adolescents and young adults: Similarities and differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Joanna Fryt ◽  
Monika Szczygiel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Although the risk-taking can potentially result in positive and negative outcomes, most of the researchers focused on its negative, not positive manifestations. Recently, Duell and Steinberg proposed a framework that clarifies the features of positive risk-taking. Research comparing positive and negative risk-taking increased and new measures have been developed. The presented study was designed to examine how the construct of positive risk-taking differs or overlaps with its opposite, negative risk-taking, and whether both are predicted by the same or different factors. Two hundred fifty eight (258) adolescents and young adults (aged 16-29) participated in the study. We tested self-reported sensitivity to reward and punishment, self-control, tolerance to ambiguity, trait anxiety, and gender as possible predictors of positive and negative risk-taking. We also referred both types of risk-taking to domain-specific risk-taking. We found that positive risk-taking is driven by sensitivity to reward and tolerance to ambiguity, and occurs especially in the social domain. Negative risk-taking is driven by gender, sensitivity to reward and (low) sensitivity to punishment, and occurs in all domains except social. Results indicate that positive risk-taking is chosen for exploration and personal growth by people who look for rewards in the social world and is done in a socially accepted way. Negative risk-taking is chosen by people who are not discouraged by severe negative effects and look for rewards outside existing norms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Attitudes Toward Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e280-e289
Author(s):  
Jeremy Lewin ◽  
Jennifer A. H. Bell ◽  
Kate Wang ◽  
Victoria Forcina ◽  
Seline Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tumor Types

PURPOSE: Participation in cancer clinical trials (CCTs) for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) remains the lowest of any patient group with cancer. Little is known about the personal barriers to AYA accrual. The aim of this study was to explore AYA attitudes that influence CCT participation. METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used. AYAs and non-AYAs (≥ 40 years) completed the Cancer Treatment subscale of the Attitudes Toward Cancer Trials Scales and 9 supplementary questions formed from interview analysis. Differences between AYA and non-AYA cohorts were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the effect of demographics on perceptions of CCTs. RESULTS: Surveys were distributed to 61 AYAs (median age, 29 years; range, 17-39 years) and 74 non-AYAs (median age, 55 years; range, 40-88 years). Compared with non-AYAs, AYAs perceived CCTs to be unsafe/more difficult (Personal Barrier/Safety domain; P = .01). There were no differences based on age in other domains. AYAs were also more concerned with CCT interference in their long-term goals ( P = .04). Multivariable ordered logistic regression identified increased personal barriers in the Personal Barrier/Safety domain for AYAs ( P = .01), in patients with English as a second language (ESL; P < .01), and in patients previously not offered a clinical trial ( P = .03). Long-term goals were identified as a barrier in particular tumor types ( P = .01) and in patients with ESL ( P < .01), with a trend identified in AYAs ( P = .12). CONCLUSION: Age-related differences in attitudes toward CCTs suggest that tailored approaches to CCT accrual are warranted. Patient-centered delivery of information regarding CCTs, particularly in patients with ESL and who are trial naïve, may improve accrual.

Frontline-Treatment Of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) In Older Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) Using a Pediatric Regimen Is Feasible: Toxicity Results of the Prospective US Intergroup Trial C10403 (Alliance)

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3903-3903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali S. Advani ◽  
Ben Sanford ◽  
Selina Luger ◽  
Meenakshi Devidas ◽  
Eric C. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background Several retrospective trials suggest a superior outcome for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) when they are treated with pediatric-inspired therapeutic regimens. C10403 is the largest prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of a pediatric regimen (Children’s Oncology Group (COG) AALL0232: COG0232) (Larsen et al. JCO 2011; 29(18) suppl: 3) in AYA ALL patients (pts) (16-39 yrs of age) treated by adult hematologist/ oncologists (HO). One objective was to identify age-related increases in specific treatment-related toxicities that may limit the applicability of these regimens. We describe here the adverse event (AE) profiles by age cohorts for pts enrolled on C10403 and compare them with data reported from the pediatric COG0232 trial in pts ≥ 16 yrs of age using the same regimen. In the COG study, AYA comprised 20% of enrolled pts, 66% were ages 16-21. Methods C10403 was a single arm study. All pts received treatment with the “PC” (prednisone/ ‘Capizzi’ methotrexate) Interim Maintenance (IM) arm from the AALL0232 regimen and were treated by adult HO. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize toxicities. For this report, we focused on Grade 3-5 events with at least a possible relationship to treatment. The comparison group from COG0232 included 159 pts randomized to the PC arm; however, in COG0232 slow responders received additional treatment compared to C10403 pts. Results Between Nov 2007 and Dec 2012, 318 pts in the United States 16-39 yrs of age were enrolled by 3 cooperative groups (CALGB, SWOG, ECOG). 61% were male; 74% white, 10% African American, and 16% Hispanic. The median age was 25 yrs, older than the COG0232 AYA pts. 14% were < 20, 58% 20-29, and 28% 30-39 yrs of age. Induction (indn) toxicities are summarized in Table 1. The rates of Grade 3-4 hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, pancreatitis, thrombosis, and febrile neutropenia during indn in the C10403 trial were higher than in AYAs treated on COG0232. However, indn mortality rates for C10403 and COG0232 were both low, 2%. Grade 3-5 AEs at any point during treatment are listed in Table 2. During IM, 5.6% of pts on C10403 developed Grade 3-4 mucositis. Grade 3-4 hypersensitivity reactions to peg-asparaginase declined from 12.9% to 7.9% after a C10403 protocol amendment to require premedication. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Grade 3-5 AEs by age cohort among C10403 pts except for increased incidences of neuropathy, osteonecrosis, and mucositis in pts ≥ 20 yrs old. In comparison, AYAs on COG0232 had higher rates of hypersensitivity (no premedication) and motor neuropathy and lower rates of thrombosis than the C10403 pts. Hepatic toxicities, incidence of pancreatitis and osteonecrosis were similar between the two studies. Toxicities were manageable by adult HO on C10403, and the overall treatment-related mortality rate on C10403 was low (3%). Attribution of toxicities to specific components of therapy, particularly peg-asparaginase, is being evaluated. Clinical outcomes of pts enrolled on C10403 are still being evaluated. Conclusions These data indicate that treatment with a pediatric regimen (C10403) is feasible when administered by adult HOs to an AYA population up to 40 years of age. C10403 can be used as a foundation for the design of successor trials in this pt population. (1) Larsen E, Salzer W, Nachman J, et al. Blood, Nov 2011; 118: 1510. Disclosures: Stone: Amgen: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne McCarthy ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Chris Hollis ◽  
Macey Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Practice Research Database ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Age Related

BackgroundSymptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to persist into adulthood in the majority of cases.AimsTo determine the prevalence of methylphenidate, dexamfetamine and atomoxetine prescribing and treatment discontinuation in adolescents and young adults.MethodA descriptive cohort study using the UK General Practice Research Database included patients aged 15–21 years from 1999 to 2006 with a prescription for a study drug.ResultsPrevalence of prescribing averaged across all ages increased 6.23-fold over the study period. Overall, prevalence decreased with age: in 2006, prevalence in males dropped 95% from 12.77 per 1000 in 15-year-olds to 0.64 per 1000 in 21-year-olds. A longitudinal analysis of a cohort of 44 patients aged 15 years in 1999 demonstrated that no patient received treatment after the age of 21 years.ConclusionsThe prevalence of prescribing by general practitioners to patients with ADHD drops significantly from age 15 to age 21 years. The fall in prescribing is greater than the reported age-related decrease in symptoms, raising the possibility that treatment is prematurely discontinued in some young adults in whom symptoms persist.

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