Visual Attention to Global and Local Stimulus Properties in 6-Month-Old Infants: Individual Differences and Event-Related Potentials

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1392-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie W. Guy ◽  
Greg D. Reynolds ◽  
Dantong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Properties ◽  
Local Stimulus ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Global And Local

Individual differences in empathic processing: An event-related potentials study

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evonne M. Edwards ◽  
John K. Williams ◽  
Todd W. Hall ◽  
Keith J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

Individual differences predict ERP signatures of second language learning of novel grammatical rules

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S Nichols ◽  
Marc F Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Grammatical Rule ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anterior Negativity

We investigated the extent to which second-language (L2) learning is influenced by the similarity of grammatical features in one’s first language (L1). We used event-related potentials to identify neural signatures of a novel grammatical rule - grammatical gender - in L1 English speakers. Of interest was whether individual differences in L2 proficiency and age of acquisition (AoA) influenced these effects. L2 and native speakers of French read French sentences that were grammatically correct, or contained either a grammatical gender or word order violation. Proficiency and AoA predicted Left Anterior Negativity amplitude, with structure violations driving the proficiency effect and gender violations driving the AoA effect. Proficiency, group, and AoA predicted P600 amplitude for gender violations but not structure violations. Different effects of grammatical gender and structure violations indicate that L2 speakers engage novel grammatical processes differently from L1 speakers and that this varies appreciably based on both AoA and proficiency.

Electrophysiological Correlates of Similarity-based Interference during Detection of Visual Forms

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Conci ◽  
Klaus Gramann ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
Mark A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Kanizsa Figure ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Form Information

Illusory figure completion demonstrates the ability of the visual system to integrate information across gaps. Mechanisms that underlie figural emergence support the interpolation of contours and the filling-in of form information [Grossberg, S., & Mingolla, E. Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures and neon colour spreading. Psychological Review, 92, 173–211, 1985]. Although both processes contribute to figure formation, visual search for an illusory target configuration has been shown to be susceptible to interfering form, but not contour, information [Conci, M., Müller, H. J., & Elliott, M. A. The contrasting impact of global and local object attributes on Kanizsa figure detection. Submitted]. Here, the physiological basis of form interference was investigated by recording event-related potentials elicited from contour- and surface-based distracter interactions with detection of a target Kanizsa figure. The results replicated the finding of form interference and revealed selection of the target and successful suppression of the irrelevant distracter to be reflected by amplitude differences in the N2pc component (240–340 msec). In conclusion, the observed component variations reflect processes of target selection on the basis of integrated form information resulting from figural completion processes.

Neurocognitive Mechanisms for Detecting Early Phase of Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Shashikanta Tarai
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Stroop Tasks

This chapter discusses neurocognitive mechanisms in terms of latency and amplitudes of EEG signals in depression that are presented in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs). Reviewing the available literature on depression, this chapter classifies early P100, ERN, N100, N170, P200, N200, and late P300 ERP components in frontal, mid-frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Using auditory oddball paradigm, most of the studies testing depressive patients have found robust P300 amplitude reduction. Proposing EEG methods and summarizing behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological findings, this chapter discusses how the different tasks, paradigms, and stimuli contribute to the cohesiveness of neural signatures and psychobiological markers for identifying the patients with depression. Existing research gaps are directed to conduct ERP studies following go/no-go, flanker interference, and Stroop tasks on global and local attentional stimuli associated with happy and sad emotions to examine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in depression.

Assessment of Reactive Motor Performance with Event-Related Brain Potentials: Attention Processes in Elite Table Tennis Players

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Min Hung ◽  
Thomas W. Spalding ◽  
D. Laine Santa Maria ◽  
Bradley D. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

Motor readiness, visual attention, and reaction time (RT) were assessed in 15 elite table tennis players (TTP) and 15 controls (C) during Posner’s cued attention task. Lateralized readiness potentials (LRP) were derived from contingent negative variation (CNV) at Sites C3 and C4, elicited between presentation of directional cueing (S1) and the appearance of the imperative stimulus (S2), to assess preparation for hand movement while P1 and N1 component amplitudes were derived from occipital event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to S2 to assess visual attention. Both groups had faster RT to validly cued stimuli and slower RT to invalidly cued stimuli relative to the RT to neutral stimuli that were not preceded by directional cueing, but the groups did not differ in attention benefit or cost. However, TTP did have faster RT to all imperative stimuli; they maintained superior reactivity to S2 whether preceded by valid, invalid, or neutral warning cues. Although both groups generated LRP in response to the directional cues, TTP generated larger LRP to prepare the corresponding hand for movement to the side of the cued location. TTP also had an inverse cueing effect for N1 amplitude (i.e., amplitude of N1 to the invalid cue > amplitude of N1 to the valid cue) while C visually attended to the expected and unexpected locations equally. It appears that TTP preserve superior reactivity to stimuli of uncertain location by employing a compensatory strategy to prepare their motor response to an event associated with high probability, while simultaneously devoting more visual attention to an upcoming event of lower probability.

scholarly journals When Memory Is Not Enough: Electrophysiological Evidence for Goal-dependent Use of Working Memory Representations in Guiding Visual Attention

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2650-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Carlisle ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Representations

Biased competition theory proposes that representations in working memory drive visual attention to select similar inputs. However, behavioral tests of this hypothesis have led to mixed results. These inconsistent findings could be due to the inability of behavioral measures to reliably detect the early, automatic effects on attentional deployment that the memory representations exert. Alternatively, executive mechanisms may govern how working memory representations influence attention based on higher-level goals. In the present study, we tested these hypotheses using the N2pc component of participants' event-related potentials to directly measure the early deployments of covert attention. Participants searched for a target in an array that sometimes contained a memory-matching distractor. In Experiments 1 to 3, we manipulated the difficulty of the target discrimination and the proximity of distractors, but consistently observed that covert attention was deployed to the search targets and not the memory-matching distractors. In Experiment 4, we showed that when participants' goal involved attending to memory-matching items, these items elicited a large and early N2pc. Our findings demonstrate that working memory representations alone are not sufficient to guide early deployments of visual attention to matching inputs and that goal-dependent executive control mediates the interactions between working memory representations and visual attention.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological responses to negative evaluative person-knowledge: Effects of individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Krasowski ◽  
Sebastian Schindler ◽  
Maximilian Bruchmann ◽  
Robert Moeck ◽  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractFaces transmit rich information about a unique personal identity. Recent studies examined how negative evaluative information affects event-related potentials (ERPs), the relevance of individual differences, such as trait anxiety, neuroticism, or agreeableness, for these effects is unclear. In this preregistered study, participants (N = 80) were presented with neutral faces, either associated with highly negative or neutral biographical information. Faces were shown under three different task conditions that varied the attentional focus on face-unrelated features, perceptual face information, or emotional information. Results showed a task-independent increase of the N170 component for faces associated with negative information, while interactions occurred for the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and the Late Positive Potential (LPP), showing ERP differences only when paying attention to the evaluative information. Trait anxiety and neuroticism did not influence ERP differences. Low agreeableness increased EPN differences during perceptual distraction. Thus, we observed that low agreeableness leads to early increased processing of potentially hostile faces, although participants were required to attend to a face-unrelated feature.

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