Maternal care and child physical health: impact of the exposure to adverse experiences during the first year of life of vulnerable children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Resende Silva Scherrer ◽  
Janaina Matos Moreira ◽  
Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Child Physical Health

Hospital Maternal Care Is Disruptive

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
Justin D. Call
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

"Breast-Feeding: Second Thoughts" by Gerrard,1 sets forth epidemiologic and immunological data on human and other mammalian species showing that colostrum and breast milk actively protect the infant from enterocolitis and respiratory infections when breast-feeding is begun immediately after birth and continued through at least most of the first year of life. Gerrard hypothesizes that breast-feeding provides a smooth transition for the baby from being entirely dependent on the mother for nutritional and immunological requirements to being completely independent from her.

scholarly journals Associations of early social experience with offspring DNA methylation and later life stress phenotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Laubach ◽  
Julia R. Greenberg ◽  
Julie W. Turner ◽  
Tracy Montgomery ◽  
Malit O. Pioon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Later Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Early Social Experience

ABSTRACTIn a wild population of spotted hyenas, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care during the first year of life and social connectedness during two periods of early development lead to differences in DNA methylation and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) later in life. We found that although maternal care and social connectedness during the communal den dependent period were not associated with fGCMs, greater social connectedness after hyenas leave their communal den is associated with lower adult fGCMs. Additionally, more maternal care and social connectedness after leaving the communal den corresponded with higher global (%CCGG) DNA methylation. Finally, we identified multiple DNA methylation biomarkers near genes involved in inflammation that may link maternal care and stress phenotype. Our findings suggest that both maternal care during the first year of life and social connections after leaving the den influence DNA methylation and contribute to a developmentally plastic stress response.

scholarly journals Across continents and demographics, unpredictable maternal signals impact children’s neurodevelopment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elysia Poggi Davis ◽  
Riikka Korja ◽  
Linnea Karlsson ◽  
Laura Glynn ◽  
Curt A. Sandman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Self Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion

Early life experiences influence brain function and structure throughout life. Maternal signals constitute a major source of early life experiences, and their quantity and qualities during sensitive developmental periods exert enduring effects on infant, child and adult emotional and social behaviors in humans, primates and rodents. Existing studies probing the salient qualities of maternal signals to the infant have centered primarily on measures of their valence. Here we report that in addition to these established qualitative dimensions, patterns of maternal signals contribute greatly to infants and children’s self-control, a potent predictor of mental health outcomes. In two large, independent and disparate prospective cohorts in Turku, Finland, and Irvine, CA, USA, unpredictable sequences of maternal care portended worse child self-control. Specifically, less predictable maternal signals to the infant during the first postnatal months were associated with poor self-control at the end of the first year of life. The correlation between unpredictable patterns of maternal signals and self-control persisted to school age in the cohort (Irvine) that was followed long-term. The consistency of these findings across two distinct demographic and cultural cohorts substantiates the finding that, in addition to the quality of maternal care, patterns and specifically unpredictable sequences of maternal care behaviors influence the maturation of circuits in the developing brain involved in the regulation of emotion and behavior, in a manner indicative of vulnerability to subsequent psychopathology.

Public Health Impact of Breastfeeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Binns ◽  
Mi Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
First Year Of Life

Breastfeeding is one of the best public health “buys” available for countries at all levels of development. In the first year of life, appropriate infant nutrition (exclusive breastfeeding to around 6 months) reduces infant mortality and hospital admissions by 50% or more. Early life nutrition has important influences, including on childhood illnesses, obesity, cognitive development, hospitalizations, and later chronic disease. Breastfeeding is consistent with the historical cultural practices of all societies, and its benefits of breastfeeding last a lifetime. While the development of infant formula has been of benefit to some infants, its inappropriate promotion has resulted in a decline of breastfeeding, and, as a result, health gains in many countries have not been as great as they could have been. The health benefits of breastfeeding will provide some protection against the effects of climate change, which will cause a decline in potable water supplies and increases in the incidence of some infections. Infant formula production has very high environmental costs, while breastfeeding as well as being the best infant feeding intervention also has very low environmental impact. An important part of the sustainable development agenda must be to promote breastfeeding and its benefits and to reverse the inappropriate promotion and use of infant formula.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Gastric electrical activity in normal neonates during the first year of life. Effect of lactation with breast milk and formula

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A209-A209
Author(s):  
G RIEZZO ◽  
R CASTELLANA ◽  
T DEBELLIS ◽  
F LAFORGIA ◽  
F INDRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gastric Electrical Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Normal Neonates

Interaction of Maternal and Child Physical Health at 6 Months Predicts First Grade Externalizing Behaviors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Housiaux ◽  
Hilary L. Hughes ◽  
Samantha J. T. Ross ◽  
Elizabeth A. Fleagle ◽  
Nathanael Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Child Physical Health
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