Glycoconjugates, Hypothetical Proteins and Post Translational Modification: Importance in Host Pathogen Interaction and Antitubercular Intervention Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aregitu Mekuriaw Arega ◽  
Rajani Kanta Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Development ◽  
Hypothetical Proteins ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Role of Protein Glycosylation in Host-Pathogen Interaction

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borong Lin ◽  
Xue Qing ◽  
Jinling Liao ◽  
Kan Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Adhesins ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Regulate Protein

Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases. Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming glycoproteins and modulating numerous important biological processes. It also occurs in host-pathogen interaction, affecting host resistance or pathogen virulence often because glycans regulate protein conformation, activity, and stability, etc. This review summarizes various roles of different glycoproteins during the interaction, which include: host glycoproteins prevent pathogens as barriers; pathogen glycoproteins promote pathogens to attack host proteins as weapons; pathogens glycosylate proteins of the host to enhance virulence; and hosts sense pathogen glycoproteins to induce resistance. In addition, this review also intends to summarize the roles of lectin (a class of protein entangled with glycoprotein) in host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial adhesins, viral lectins or host lectins. Although these studies show the importance of protein glycosylation in host-pathogen interaction, much remains to be discovered about the interaction mechanism.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

scholarly journals Host–Pathogen Interaction in Invasive Salmonellosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e1002933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna K. de Jong ◽  
Chris M. Parry ◽  
Tom van der Poll ◽  
W. Joost Wiersinga
Keyword(s):  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen
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