Bisphosphonic acids and related compounds as inhibitors of nucleotide- and polyphosphate-processing enzymes: A PPK1 and PPK2 case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Burda-Grabowska ◽  
Katarzyna Macegoniuk ◽  
Robert Flick ◽  
Boguslaw P. Nocek ◽  
Andrzej Joachimiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Enzymes ◽  
Bisphosphonic Acids ◽  
Related Compounds

Deciphering preferred solid-state conformations in nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and their coordination compounds. A case study of discrete Cu(ii) complexes based on Cα-substituted analogues of zoledronic acid: crystal structures and solid-state characterization

CrystEngComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (29) ◽  
pp. 4340-4353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rojek ◽  
Waldemar Goldeman ◽  
Katarzyna Ślepokura ◽  
Wiktor Zierkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Matczak-Jon
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Acid Crystal ◽  
Bisphosphonic Acids ◽  
Solid State Characterization

Conformation diversity of N-containing bisphosphonic acids and related anions within their metal complexes and salts.

scholarly journals Thermal fragmentation of 3-alkyl-2-phenyloxetanes, 3,3-dimethyl-2-aryloxetanes, and related compounds. A case study of 2-aryl-substituted oxetanes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (16) ◽  
pp. 2503-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Imai ◽  
Shinya Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Thermal Fragmentation ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Apparent Energy Of Activation

Thermolyses of epimeric 3-alkyl-2-phenyloxetanes (1c, 1t, 2c, 2t, 3c, and 3t), 3,3-dimethyl-2-aryloxetanes (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8), 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-2,2-diphenyloxetane (9), and 3,3-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyloxetane (10) were studied in degassed N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine at 270–350 °C. Although the fragmentation of 9 and 10 can be understandable on the basis of a diradical mechanism, there were several observations, in the reaction of certain other oxetanes, which could hardly be explained simply in terms of such a mechanism. Namely, (1) less strained 1t reacted faster than more strained 1c; (2) a major mode of the fragmentation for 1c, 2c, and 3c was "B" (forming an alkene and benzaldehyde), whereas that for 1t, 2t, and 3t was "A" (forming an alkenylbenzene and formaldehyde); (3) the apparent energy of activation for the "B" process seemed to be larger than that for the "A"; (4) a dramatic change of the major fragmentation mode from "B" to "A" was brought about by a substituent on the phenyl group, as was observed in 4–8. These results may be explained reasonably by assuming that the fragmentation proceeds, at least, in dual reaction courses. In competition with an anticipated diradical pathway, there will be another process, which is energetically little more favorable than the diradical fragmentation, rather specific to the "A" mode of fragmentation, and important particularly in the reaction of the trans isomers. Probable candidates for the second process are discussed.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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