scholarly journals miRNAs derived from circulating small extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Enrichment of Exosome-Like Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma Suitable for Clinical Vesicular miRNA Biomarker Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon ◽  
Shin ◽  
Kim ◽  
Lee ◽  
Mankhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Biomarker Research ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Yield And Purity

Exosome-like extracellular vesicles (ELVs) contain biomolecules that have potential as diagnostic biomarkers, such as proteins, micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and lipids. However, it is difficult to enrich ELVs consistently with high yield and purity from clinical samples, which hampers the development of ELV biomarkers. This is particularly true for miRNAs in protein-rich plasma. Hence, we modified ELV isolation protocols of three commercially available polymer-precipitation-based kits using proteinase K (PK) treatment to quantify ELV-associated miRNAs in human plasma. We compared the yield, purity, and characteristics of enriched plasma ELVs, and measured the relative quantity of three selected miRNAs (miR-30c, miR-126, and miR-192) in ELVs using six human plasma samples. Compared with the original protocols, we demonstrated that ELVs can be isolated with PK treatment with high purity (i.e., lack of non-exosomal proteins and homogeneous size of vesicles) and yield (i.e., abundancy of exosomal markers), which were dependent on kits. Using the kit with the highest purity and yield with PK treatment, we successfully quantified ELV miRNAs (levels of 45%–65% in total plasma) with acceptable variability. Collectively, ELV enrichment using the modified easy-to-use method appears suitable for the analysis of miRNAs, although its clinical applicability needs to be confirmed in larger clinical studies.

scholarly journals Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit HGF/c-Met and EGF/EGFR pathways to accelerate the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via microRNA-142-5p delivery

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyu Zhu ◽  
Xiaolei Jiang ◽  
Hua Xiao ◽  
Jianmei Guan
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay

AbstractRadioresistance prevails as one of the largest obstacles in the clinical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Meanwhile, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) possess the ability to manipulate radioresistance in NPC. However, its mechanism remains to be further explored. Therefore, the current study set out to explore the mechanism of microRNA (miR)-142-5p delivered by TEVs in regard to the radiosensitivity of NPC. Firstly, peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with radioresistance and radiosensitivity, followed by RT-qPCR detection of miR-142-5p expression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to elucidate the targeting relationship of miR-142-5p with HGF and EGF. In addition, radiotherapy-resistant NPC cell models were established by screening NPC cells with gradient increasing radiation exposure, and co-incubated with EVs isolated from miR-142-5p mimic-transfected NPC cells, followed by overexpression of HGF and EGF. Moreover, cell viability was detected by means of MTS, cell proliferation with a colony formation assay, cell apoptosis with flow cytometry, and expression patterns of related genes with the help of Western blot analysis. NPC xenotransplantation models in nude mice were also established by subcutaneous injection of 5-8FR cells to determine apoptosis, tumorigenicity, and radiosensitivity in nude mice. It was found that miR-142-5p was poorly expressed in peripheral blood from NPC patients with radioresistance. Mechanistic experimentation illustrated that miR-142-5p inversely targeted HGF and EGF to inactivate the HGF/c-Met and EGF/EGFR pathways, respectively. NPC cell apoptosis was observed to be augmented, while their radioresistance and proliferation were restricted by EVs-miR-142-5p or HGF silencing, or EGF silencing. Furthermore, EVs-miR-142-5p inhibited growth and radioresistance and accelerated the apoptosis of radiotherapy-resistant NPC cells in nude mice by inhibiting the HGF/c-Met and EGF/EGFR pathways. Collectively, our findings indicated that TEVs might inhibit the HGF/c-Met and EGF/EGFR pathways by delivering miR-142-5p into radiotherapy-resistant NPC cells to enhance radiosensitivity in NPC.

scholarly journals A panel of miRNAs derived from plasma extracellular vesicles as novel diagnostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma

FEBS Open Bio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yao ◽  
Shuang Qu ◽  
Ruifeng Hu ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Shidai Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers

Conventional and Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Approaches for Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Honglin Chen ◽  
Mingfang Ji ◽  
Jing Feng Zong ◽  
Josephine Mun-Yee Ko ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Roles in Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Qian Jin ◽  
Peipei Wu ◽  
Xinru Zhou ◽  
Hui Qian ◽  
Wenrong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by almost all cells, which have been recognized as a novel platform for intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS). Exosomes are capable of transferring proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites between neurons and glial cells, contributing to CNS development and maintenance of homeostasis. Evidence shows that exosomes originating from CNS cells act as suppressors or promoters in the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. Moreover, these exosomes have been shown to transfer molecules associated with diseases through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus can be detected in blood. This unique feature enables exosomes to act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders. In addition, a substantial number of researches have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have repair effects on neurological disorders. Herein, we briefly introduce the roles of exosomes under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, novel roles of exosomes as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for neurological disorders are highlighted.

scholarly journals Exosomes as Efficient Nanocarriers in Osteosarcoma: Biological Functions and Potential Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingkai Yang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Haoyu Guo ◽  
Lutong Wang ◽  
Wenbo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Behavior

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Although localized osteosarcoma has an overall survival of >70% in the clinic, metastatic, refractory, and recurrent osteosarcoma have poorer survival rates. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells and originally thought to be a way for cells to discard unwanted products. Currently, exosomes have been reported to be involved in intercellular cross-talk and induce changes in cellular behavior by transferring cargoes (proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids) between cells. Exosomes regulate osteosarcoma progression, and processes such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Increasing evidences shows that exosomes have significant potential in promoting osteosarcoma progression and development. In this review, we describe the current research status of exosomes in osteosarcoma, focusing on the biological functions of osteosarcoma exosomes as well as their application in osteosarcoma as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Reveals a Role for the Complement System in Medullary Sponge Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruschi ◽  
Granata ◽  
Candiano ◽  
Fabris ◽  
Petretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Complement Pathway ◽  
Medullary Sponge Kidney ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Complement Component 4 ◽  
Mannan Binding Lectin ◽  
The Complement System

Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) disease is a rare and neglected kidney condition often associated with nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis and cystic anomalies in the precalyceal ducts. Little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease, so we addressed the knowledge gap using a proteomics approach. The protein content of microvesicles/exosomes isolated from urine of 15 MSK and 15 idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (ICN) patients was investigated by mass spectrometry, followed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis, support vector machine (SVM) learning, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to select the most discriminative proteins. Proteomic data were verified by ELISA. We identified 2998 proteins in total, 1764 (58.9%) of which were present in both vesicle types in both diseases. Among the MSK samples, only 65 (2.2%) and 137 (4.6%) proteins were exclusively found in the microvesicles and exosomes, respectively. Similarly, among the ICN samples, only 75 (2.5%) and 94 (3.1%) proteins were exclusively found in the microvesicles and exosomes, respectively. SVM learning and PLS-DA revealed a core panel of 20 proteins that distinguished extracellular vesicles representing each clinical condition with an accuracy of 100%. Among them, three exosome proteins involved in the lectin complement pathway maximized the discrimination between MSK and ICN: Ficolin 1, Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2, and Complement component 4-binding protein β. ELISA confirmed the proteomic results. Our data show that the complement pathway is involved in the MSK, revealing a new range of potential therapeutic targets and early diagnostic biomarkers.

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