scholarly journals Lack of interleukin‐6 in the tumor microenvironment augments type‐1 immunity and increases the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1959-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Ohno ◽  
Yujiro Toyoshima ◽  
Hideaki Yurino ◽  
Norikazu Monma ◽  
Huihui Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Interleukin 6

scholarly journals The application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: Targeting tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1973-1987
Author(s):  
Muyue Yang ◽  
Jipeng Li ◽  
Ping Gu ◽  
Xianqun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy

scholarly journals The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-Type-1 (HSV-1) Oncolytic Immunotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Kingsley Uche ◽  
Konstantin G. Kousoulas ◽  
Paul J. F. Rider
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Simplex Virus

The development of cancer causes disruption of anti-tumor immunity required for surveillance and elimination of tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic strategies aim for the restoration or establishment of these anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cellular therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). The clinical success of some of these immunotherapeutic modalities, including herpes simplex virus type-1 derived OVT, resulted in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in treatment of human cancers. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond or benefit equally from these immunotherapies. The creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents an important barrier preventing success of many immunotherapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of immunosuppression in the TME are a major area of current research. In this review, we discuss how oncolytic HSV affects the tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Where possible we focus on oncolytic HSV strains for which clinical data is available, and discuss how these viruses alter the vasculature, extracellular matrix and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Estrogen/ER in anti-tumor immunity regulation to tumor cell and tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiecheng Wang ◽  
Jiakang Jin ◽  
Chao Qian ◽  
Jianan Lou ◽  
Jinti Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Immune System Regulation

AbstractAs the essential sexual hormone, estrogen and its receptor has been proved to participate in the regulation of autoimmunity diseases and anti-tumor immunity. The adjustment of tumor immunity is related to the interaction between cancer cells, immune cells and tumor microenvironment, all of which is considered as the potential target in estrogen-induced immune system regulation. However, the specific mechanism of estrogen-induced immunity is poorly understood. Typically, estrogen causes the nuclear localization of estrogen/estrogen receptor complex and alternates the transcription pattern of target genes, leading to the reprogramming of tumor cells and differentiation of immune cells. However, the estrogen-induced non-canonical signal pathway activation is also crucial to the rapid function of estrogen, such as NF-κB, MAPK-ERK, and β-catenin pathway activation, which has not been totally illuminated. So, the investigation of estrogen modulatory mechanisms in these two manners is vital for the tumor immunity and can provide the potential for endocrine hormone targeted cancer immunotherapy. Here, this review summarized the estrogen-induced canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathway and aimed to focus on the relationship among estrogen and cancer immunity as well as immune-related tumor microenvironment regulation. Results from these preclinical researches elucidated that the estrogen-target therapy has the application prospect of cancer immunotherapy, which requires the further translational research of these treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Targeting HIF-1 alpha transcriptional activity drives cytotoxic immune effector cells into melanoma and improves combination immunotherapy

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Lequeux ◽  
Muhammad Zaeem Noman ◽  
Malina Xiao ◽  
Kris Van Moer ◽  
Meriem Hasmim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHypoxia is a key factor responsible for the failure of therapeutic response in most solid tumors and promotes the acquisition of tumor resistance to various antitumor immune effectors. Reshaping the hypoxic immune suppressive tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy is still a relevant challenge. We investigated the impact of inhibiting HIF-1α transcriptional activity on cytotoxic immune cell infiltration into B16-F10 melanoma. We showed that tumors expressing a deleted form of HIF-1α displayed increased levels of NK and CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which was associated with high levels of CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines. We showed that combining acriflavine, reported as a pharmacological agent preventing HIF-1α/HIF-1β dimerization, dramatically improved the benefit of cancer immunotherapy based on TRP-2 peptide vaccination and anti-PD-1 blocking antibody. In melanoma patients, we revealed that tumors exhibiting high CCL5 are less hypoxic, and displayed high NK, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell markers than those having low CCL5. In addition, melanoma patients with high CCL5 in their tumors survive better than those having low CCL5. This study provides the pre-clinical proof of concept for a novel triple combination strategy including blocking HIF-1α transcription activity along vaccination and PD-1 blocking immunotherapy.

Emerging immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaigai Wei ◽  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Haiping Zhao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Nana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoints

Tumor Microenvironment-Triggered In-Situ Cancer Vaccines with Dual Immunogenic Cell Death Inductions for Elevated Antitumor and Antimetastatic Therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lin ◽  
Binbin Ding ◽  
Pan Zheng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Meifang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Specific Antigens

Cancer vaccine is to make tumor-specific antigens into vaccines, which then are injected back into the body to activate immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. Despite the high specificity and therapeutic...

scholarly journals Highly efficient and tumor-selective nanoparticles for dual-targeted immunogene therapy against cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. eaax5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Wei Huang ◽  
Fu-Fei Hsu ◽  
Jiantai Timothy Qiu ◽  
Guann-Jen Chern ◽  
Yi-An Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Immunogene Therapy ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Selective

While immunotherapy holds great promise for combating cancer, the limited efficacy due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and systemic toxicity hinder the broader application of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report a combinatorial immunotherapy approach that uses a highly efficient and tumor-selective gene carrier to improve anticancer efficacy and circumvent the systemic toxicity. In this study, we engineered tumor-targeted lipid-dendrimer-calcium-phosphate (TT-LDCP) nanoparticles (NPs) with thymine-functionalized dendrimers that exhibit not only enhanced gene delivery capacity but also immune adjuvant properties by activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–cGAS pathway. TT-LDCP NPs delivered siRNA against immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 and immunostimulatory IL-2–encoding plasmid DNA to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), increased tumoral infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells, augmented the efficacy of cancer vaccine immunotherapy, and suppressed HCC progression. Our work presents nanotechnology-enabled dual delivery of siRNA and plasmid DNA that selectively targets and reprograms the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy.

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