scholarly journals Cancer immunotherapy using novel tumor‐associated antigenic peptides identified by genome‐wide cDNA microarray analyses

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuharu Nishimura ◽  
Yusuke Tomita ◽  
Akira Yuno ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshitake ◽  
Masanori Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cdna Microarray ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Microarray Analyses

scholarly journals Mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity: cDNA microarray analyses using mouse bone marrow tissue.

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Il Yoon ◽  
Guang-Xun Li ◽  
Kunio Kitada ◽  
Yasushi Kawasaki ◽  
Katsuhide Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cdna Microarray ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Tissue ◽  
Microarray Analyses

scholarly journals Uncovering the Tumor Antigen Landscape: What to Know about the Discovery Process

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Sara Feola ◽  
Jacopo Chiaro ◽  
Beatriz Martins ◽  
Vincenzo Cerullo
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Antigen Discovery ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

According to the latest available data, cancer is the second leading cause of death, highlighting the need for novel cancer therapeutic approaches. In this context, immunotherapy is emerging as a reliable first-line treatment for many cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. Indeed, cancer immunotherapy has attracted great interest following the recent clinical approval of antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, that release the brakes of the immune system, thus reviving a field otherwise poorly explored. Cancer immunotherapy mainly relies on the generation and stimulation of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), priming T cells and establishing efficient and durable anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, there is a clear need to define and identify immunogenic T cell epitopes to use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Naturally presented antigens in the human leucocyte antigen-1 (HLA-I) complex on the tumor surface are the main protagonists in evocating a specific anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response. However, the methodologies for their identification have been a major bottleneck for their reliable characterization. Consequently, the field of antigen discovery has yet to improve. The current review is intended to define what are today known as tumor antigens, with a main focus on CTL antigenic peptides. We also review the techniques developed and employed to date for antigen discovery, exploring both the direct elution of HLA-I peptides and the in silico prediction of epitopes. Finally, the last part of the review analyses the future challenges and direction of the antigen discovery field.

scholarly journals Integrating genome-wide CRISPR immune screen with multi-omic clinical data reveals distinct classes of tumor intrinsic immune regulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e001819
Author(s):  
Jiakai Hou ◽  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
Leilei Shi ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Chunyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Tumor Infiltration ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Immune Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundDespite approval of immunotherapy for a wide range of cancers, the majority of patients fail to respond to immunotherapy or relapse following initial response. These failures may be attributed to immunosuppressive mechanisms co-opted by tumor cells. However, it is challenging to use conventional methods to systematically evaluate the potential of tumor intrinsic factors to act as immune regulators in patients with cancer.MethodsTo identify immunosuppressive mechanisms in non-responders to cancer immunotherapy in an unbiased manner, we performed genome-wide CRISPR immune screens and integrated our results with multi-omics clinical data to evaluate the role of tumor intrinsic factors in regulating two rate-limiting steps of cancer immunotherapy, namely, T cell tumor infiltration and T cell-mediated tumor killing.ResultsOur studies revealed two distinct types of immune resistance regulators and demonstrated their potential as therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Among them, PRMT1 and RIPK1 were identified as a dual immune resistance regulator and a cytotoxicity resistance regulator, respectively. Although the magnitude varied between different types of immunotherapy, genetically targeting PRMT1 and RIPK1 sensitized tumors to T-cell killing and anti-PD-1/OX40 treatment. Interestingly, a RIPK1-specific inhibitor enhanced the antitumor activity of T cell-based and anti-OX40 therapy, despite limited impact on T cell tumor infiltration.ConclusionsCollectively, the data provide a rich resource of novel targets for rational immuno-oncology combinations.

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