Diet selection at three spatial scales: Implications for conservation of an endangered Hawaiian tree snail

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Price ◽  
Richard O'Rorke ◽  
Anthony S. Amend ◽  
Michael G. Hadfield
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Diet Selection

Evaluating different spatial scales of forage item availability to determine diet selection of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Gillis ◽  
Natalie E. Wildermann ◽  
Simona A. Ceriani ◽  
Jeffrey A. Seminoff ◽  
Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Item Availability ◽  
Selection Of

A review of feeding and diet selection in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Moore ◽  
William J. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Foliar Chemistry ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Good Food ◽  
Species Ecology

Food quality and availability are believed to be primary determinants of habitat quality for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), so we need to know ‘what makes good food for koalas?’ An answer to this question must define the dietary niche of koalas, describe how much koalas eat and also consider variation in food choice by koalas at several scales. Ultimately, all these issues must be related to variation in foliar chemistry. Recent studies have shown that there is a closer relationship between leaf composition and the food preferences of koalas than had previously been appreciated but we emphasise the importance of evaluating diet selection within a theoretical framework and at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Finally, we discuss the steps needed to incorporate an understanding of the nutritional challenges faced by koalas into a broader understanding of the species’ ecology to assist in its conservation.

Development of light-weight video-tracking technology for use in wildlife research: A case study on kangaroos

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Herbert ◽  
M. Dassis ◽  
M. Pye ◽  
P.W. Jones ◽  
P.H.W. Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Recipient Animal

There have been significant advances in the development of animal-borne sensor technologies, or biologgers, in recent years. This has resulted in tremendous capacity for wildlife researchers to remotely collect physiological, behavioural and social data from wildlife in circumstances that were unthinkable just decades ago. While this technology can provide us with a unique insight into the “secret lives” of wild animals, there is a need to evaluate the utility of these new sensors versus traditional wildlife research methodologies, and to critically evaluate the integrity of the data collected by ensuring that these devices themselves do not alter the physiology or behaviour of the recipient animal. This paper reports on the development of a light weight “animal borne video and environmental data collection system” (AVED), which can be deployed on animals as small as 11 kg, whilst still meeting the desired 3% body weight threshold. This AVED (referred to as the “Kangaroo-cam”) simultaneously collects video footage and GPS location data for an average of 19 h. Kangaroo-cams were deployed on seven kangaroos as a proof of concept of their potential utility for the study of location specific behaviour and diet in a medium-sized terrestrial herbivore. Following device recovery and data processing, we were able to successfully score 83 foraging events which allowed us to determine diet based on visual identification (to the family level) of plants consumed. This approach could be further broadened to include a comparison of plant species consumed versus plant species encountered to provide a novel approach to diet selection analysis. When combined with GPS mapping of foraging locations, this approach would allow researchers to address questions on diet selection at both fine (within patch) and broad (habitat) spatial scales, overcoming some of the limitations of traditional diet selection methodologies. However, animal capture and collar deployment caused a significant elevation in stress hormone concentrations within the first 24 h post-capture, which highlighted the need to incorporate a time-delay capacity into these devices. We conclude the paper by reviewing recent advances in the development of AVED technology and providing suggestions for the improvement of this Kangaroo-cam device.

High spatial resolution x-ray microanalysis of interfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
J. R. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Brightness Field

X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) refers to a technique by which chemical composition can be determined on spatial scales of less than 10 nm. There are many factors that influence the quality of x-ray microanalysis. The minimum probe size with sufficient current for microanalysis that can be generated determines the ultimate spatial resolution of each individual microanalysis. However, it is also necessary to collect efficiently the x-rays generated. Modern high brightness field emission gun equipped AEMs can now generate probes that are less than 1 nm in diameter with high probe currents. Improving the x-ray collection solid angle of the solid state energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results in more efficient collection of x-ray generated by the interaction of the electron probe with the specimen, thus reducing the minimum detectability limit. The combination of decreased interaction volume due to smaller electron probe size and the increased collection efficiency due to larger solid angle of x-ray collection should enhance our ability to study interfacial segregation.

Experience with Junk Food: Effects on Diet Selection

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine F. Wilson ◽  
Rachel L. Radel
Keyword(s):  
Diet Selection ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Food Effects

Spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Yigit Aydede
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Pooled Data

The present study intends to reveal spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in two different ways. First, it questions the existence of those regularities when spatial scales get finer. Second, it uses pooled data over four population censuses covering the period from 1991 to 2006, which enabled us to apply appropriate techniques to remove those unobserved fixed effects so that the estimations would accurately identify the linkage between local immigrant and non-immigrant numbers. The results provide evidence about the existence of negative spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada at national scale.

Inhibition of coral settlement at multiple spatial scales by a pervasive algal competitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Evensen ◽  
C Doropoulos ◽  
KM Morrow ◽  
CA Motti ◽  
PJ Mumby
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Coral Settlement ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

The Determinants of Entrepreneurship Development in Spatial Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zioło
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Growth Shape ◽  
Strategic Goal

The processes of technological  progress create new opportunities for economic, social and cultural growth, shape new relations between economic  entities and their environment,  and influence changes in the determinants  of entrepreneurship development.  These processes vary significantly in certain geographic locations, characterised by an enormous  diversity of natural, social, economic and cultural structures. As a consequence, this creates different opportunities  and different conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in certain spatial scales, from the continental scale, through national and regional to local scales. The article presents complex conditions  for the development of entrepreneurship, highlights its limitations resulting from institutional  barriers, and the importance of knowing the mechanisms of mutual relations between spatial systems and the influence of control instruments. The quality of central and local government authorities is of particular significance here, which do not always properly use the mechanisms of rational business support. A serious barrier to the development of entrepreneurship is the low quality of social capital, manifested in a lack of trust in institutional authorities and reluctance to engage in entrepreneurship and business development. The conclusions point out that further research should be developed that will take into account changing business conditions, with a defined strategic goal of raising the quality and standard of living, international competitiveness of the country and products in different market categories.

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