Phylogenetic diversity of macromycetes and woody plants along an elevational gradient in Eastern Mexico

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Gómez-Hernández ◽  
Guadalupe Williams-Linera ◽  
Deborah J. Lodge ◽  
Roger Guevara ◽  
Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Elevational Gradient

scholarly journals The effects of evolutionary and environmental variance on estimates of phylogenetic diversity in temperate forest plots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xu ◽  
Jia-Jia Liu ◽  
Hai-Ning Li ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Kevin S Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Diversity Metrics

Abstract Aims Phylogenetic diversity metrics can discern the relative contributions of ecological and evolutionary processes associated with the assembly of plant communities. However, the magnitude of the potential variation associated with phylogenetic methodologies, and its effect on estimates of phylogenetic diversity, remains poorly understood. Here, we assess how sources of variation associated with estimates of phylogenetic diversity can potentially affect our understanding of plant community structure for a series of temperate forest plots in China. Methods In total, 20 forest plots, comprising of 274 woody species and 581 herbaceous species, were surveyed and sampled along an elevational gradient of 2800 m on Taibai Mountain, China. We used multi-model inference to search for the most parsimonious relationship between estimates of phylogenetic diversity and each of four predictors (i.e., type of phylogenetic reconstruction method, phylogenetic diversity metric, woody or herbaceous growth form, and elevation), and their pairwise interactions. Important Findings There was no significant difference in patterns of phylogenetic diversity when using synthesis-based vs molecular-based phylogenetic methods. Results showed that elevation, the type of phylogenetic diversity metric, growth form, and their interactions, accounted for > 44% of the variance in our estimates of phylogenetic diversity. In general, phylogenetic diversity decreased with increasing elevation; however, the trend was weaker for herbaceous plants than for woody plants. Moreover, the three phylogenetic diversity metrics showed consistent patterns (i.e., clustered) across the elevational gradient for woody plants. For herbaceous plants, the mean pairwise distance showed a random distribution over the gradient. These results suggest that a better understanding of temperate forest community structure can be obtained when estimates of phylogenetic diversity include methodological and environmental sources of variation.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Functional Traits Verify the Combined Effect of Deterministic and Stochastic Processes in the Community Assembly of Temperate Forests along an Elevational Gradient

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Wensong Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Basil N. Yakimov ◽  
Keming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Assembly Mechanism ◽  
Deterministic Processes

Explaining community assembly mechanisms along elevational gradients dominated by deterministic processes or stochastic processes is a pressing challenge. Many studies suggest that phylogenetic and functional diversity are significant indicators of the process. In this study, we analyzed the structure and beta diversity of phylogenetic and functional traits along an elevational gradient and discussed the effects of environmental and spatial factors. We found that the phylogenetic and functional traits showed inconsistent changes, and their variations were closely related to the abiotic environment. The results suggested that the community assembly of woody plants was obviously affected by the combined effect of deterministic processes and the stochastic hypothesis (primarily by the latter). Phylogenetic and functional traits had a certain relationship but changed according to different rules. These results enhance our understanding of the assembly mechanism of forest communities by considering both phylogenetic and functional traits.

scholarly journals Species richness, phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure patterns of exotic and native plants along an elevational gradient in the Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Manish
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Overdispersion ◽  
The Himalaya

Abstract Background So far, macroecological studies in the Himalaya have mostly concentrated on spatial variation of overall species richness along the elevational gradient. Very few studies have attempted to document the difference in elevational richness patterns of native and exotic species. In this study, this knowledge gap is addressed by integrating data on phylogeny and elevational distribution of species to identify the variation in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic structure of exotic and native plant species along an elevational gradient in the Himalaya. Results Species distribution patterns for exotic and native species differed; exotics tended to show maximum species richness at low elevations while natives tended to predominate at mid-elevations. Native species assemblages showed higher phylogenetic diversity than the exotic species assemblages over the entire elevational gradient in the Himalaya. In terms of phylogenetic structure, exotic species assemblages showed majorly phylogenetic clustering while native species assemblages were characterized by phylogenetic overdispersion over the entire gradient. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that areas with high native species richness and phylogenetic diversity are less receptive to exotic species and vice versa in the Himalaya. Species assemblages with high native phylogenetic overdispersion are less receptive to exotic species than the phylogenetically clustered assemblages. Different ecological processes (ecological filtering in case of exotics and resource and niche competition in case of natives) may govern the distribution of exotic and native species along the elevational gradient in the Himalaya.

Assessment of the network of protected areas for birds in Taiwan with regard to functional and phylogenetic diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hungyen Chen ◽  
Satoshi Nagai ◽  
Hirohisa Kishino
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

In Taiwan, conserved areas represent more than 20% of the current jurisdiction, which is about twice that of the proportion of protected land worldwide. In this study, we explored the spatial distribution of bird assemblages in Taiwan. By analysing functional and phylogenetic diversity relative to elevational gradient, we assessed the network of bird protected areas. Hotspots of species richness were located at the coastal areas of northern and western Taiwan, although hotspots for protected bird species were located in the mountain areas. We found that phylogenetically close birds have similar trait values, and the protected species were evenly distributed in the functional and phylogenetic trees. The assemblages in higher-elevation areas were more phylogenetically clumped than those in lower-elevation areas, indicating that, in addition to elevational gradient, phylogenetic constraint may be a crucial factor that influences bird distribution in Taiwan. However, the current bird protected areas in Taiwan may overly depend on species richness and overlook the importance of the overall phylogenetic diversity.

scholarly journals Geographical patterns in phylogenetic diversity of Chinese woody plants and its application for conservation planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Hongyu Cai ◽  
Lisha Lyu ◽  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Zhiyao Tang ◽  
Xiangyan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Patterns

scholarly journals Global patterns of protection of elevational gradients in mountain ranges

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (23) ◽  
pp. 6004-6009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Elsen ◽  
William B. Monahan ◽  
Adina M. Merenlender
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Iucn Categories ◽  
Digital Elevation

Protected areas (PAs) that span elevational gradients enhance protection for taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and facilitate species range shifts under climate change. We quantified the global protection of elevational gradients by analyzing the elevational distributions of 44,155 PAs in 1,010 mountain ranges using the highest resolution digital elevation models available. We show that, on average, mountain ranges in Africa and Asia have the lowest elevational protection, ranges in Europe and South America have intermediate elevational protection, and ranges in North America and Oceania have the highest elevational protection. We use the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Aichi Target 11 to assess the proportion of elevational gradients meeting the 17% suggested minimum target and examine how different protection categories contribute to elevational protection. When considering only strict PAs [International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories I–IV, n = 24,706], nearly 40% of ranges do not contain any PAs, roughly half fail to meet the 17% target at any elevation, and ∼75% fail to meet the target throughout ≥50% of the elevational gradient. Observed elevational protection is well below optimal, and frequently below a null model of elevational protection. Including less stringent PAs (IUCN categories V–VI and nondesignated PAs, n = 19,449) significantly enhances elevational protection for most continents, but several highly biodiverse ranges require new or expanded PAs to increase elevational protection. Ensuring conservation outcomes for PAs with lower IUCN designations as well as strategically placing PAs to better represent and connect elevational gradients will enhance ecological representation and facilitate species range shifts under climate change.

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