Fine-scale Beta-diversity Patterns Across Multiple Arthropod Taxa Over a Neotropical Latitudinal Gradient

Biotropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Gonçalves-Souza ◽  
Marcel S. Araújo ◽  
Eduardo P. Barbosa ◽  
Sonia M. Lopes ◽  
Lucas A. Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Diversity patterns and drivers of methanotrophic gene distributions in forest soils across a large latitudinal gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Kou ◽  
Wenqiang Zhao ◽  
Yanjiao Liu ◽  
Yanhong Wu ◽  
Jiangtao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Patterns

scholarly journals Distribution and ecological segregation on regional and microgeographic scales of the diploidCentaurea asperaL., the tetraploidC. seridisL., and their triploid hybrids (Compositae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Garmendia ◽  
Hugo Merle ◽  
Pablo Ruiz ◽  
Maria Ferriol
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Sympatric Cytotypes

Although polyploidy is considered a ubiquitous process in plants, the establishment of new polyploid species may be hindered by ecological competition with parental diploid taxa. In such cases, the adaptive processes that result in the ecological divergence of diploids and polyploids can lead to their co-existence. In contrast, non-adaptive processes can lead to the co-existence of diploids and polyploids or to differentiated distributions, particularly when the minority cytotype disadvantage effect comes into play. Although large-scale studies of cytotype distributions have been widely conducted, the segregation of sympatric cytotypes on fine scales has been poorly studied. We analysed the spatial distribution and ecological requirements of the tetraploidCentaurea seridisand the diploidCentaurea asperain east Spain on a large scale, and also microspatially in contact zones where both species hybridise and give rise to sterile triploid hybrids. On the fine scale, the position of eachCentaureaindividual was recorded along with soil parameters, accompanying species cover and plant richness. On the east Spanish coast, a slight latitudinal gradient was found. TetraploidC. seridisindividuals were located northerly and diploidC. asperaindividuals southerly. Tetraploids were found only in the habitats with strong anthropogenic disturbance. In disturbed locations with well-developed semi-fixed or fixed dunes, diploids and tetraploids could co-exist and hybridise. However, on a fine scale, although taxa were spatially segregated in contact zones, they were not ecologically differentiated. This finding suggests the existence of non-adaptive processes that have led to their co-existence. Triploid hybrids were closer to diploid allogamous mothers (C. aspera) than to tetraploid autogamous fathers (C. seridis). This may result in a better ability to compete for space in the tetraploid minor cytotype, which might facilitate its long-term persistence.

scholarly journals Alpha and beta diversity patterns of polychaete assemblages across the nodule province of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (equatorial Pacific)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Bonifácio ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Lénaïck Menot
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone

Abstract. In the abyssal equatorial Pacific Ocean, most of the seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), a 6 million km2 polymetallic nodule province, has been preempted for future mining. In light of the large environmental footprint that mining would leave and given the diversity and the vulnerability of the abyssal fauna, the International Seabed Authority has implemented a regional management plan that includes the creation of nine Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) located at the periphery of the CCFZ. The scientific principles for the design of the APEIs were based on the best – albeit very limited – knowledge of the area. The fauna and habitats in the APEIs are unknown, as are species' ranges and the extent of biodiversity across the CCFZ. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) pilot action “Ecological aspects of deep-sea mining”, the SO239 cruise provided data to improve species inventories, determine species ranges, identify the drivers of beta diversity patterns and assess the representativeness of an APEI. Four exploration contract areas and an APEI (APEI no. 3) were sampled along a gradient of sea surface primary productivity that spanned a distance of 1440 km in the eastern CCFZ. Between three and eight quantitative box cores (0.25 m2; 0–10 cm) were sampled in each study area, resulting in a large collection of polychaetes that were morphologically and molecularly (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S genes) analyzed. A total of 275 polychaete morphospecies were identified. Only one morphospecies was shared among all five study areas and 49 % were singletons. The patterns in community structure and composition were mainly attributed to variations in organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor at the regional scale and nodule density at the local scale, thus supporting the main assumptions underlying the design of the APEIs. However, the APEI no. 3, which is located in an oligotrophic province and separated from the CCFZ by the Clarion Fracture Zone, showed the lowest densities, lowest diversity, and a very low and distant independent similarity in community composition compared to the contract areas, thus questioning the representativeness and the appropriateness of APEI no. 3 to meet its purpose of diversity preservation. Among the four exploration contracts, which belong to a mesotrophic province, the distance decay of similarity provided a species turnover of 0.04 species km−1, an average species range of 25 km and an extrapolated richness of up to 240 000 polychaete species in the CCFZ. By contrast, nonparametric estimators of diversity predict a regional richness of up to 498 species. Both estimates are biased by the high frequency of singletons in the dataset, which likely result from under-sampling and merely reflect our level of uncertainty. The assessment of potential risks and scales of biodiversity loss due to nodule mining thus requires an appropriate inventory of species richness in the CCFZ.

Environmental correlates of herpetofaunal diversity in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Laurencio ◽  
Lee A. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
High Elevation Site

Abstract:Disentangling local and historical factors that determine species diversity patterns at multiple spatial scales is fundamental to elucidating processes that govern ecological communities. Here we investigated how environmental correlates may influence diversity at local and regional scales. Primarily utilizing published species lists, amphibian and reptile alpha and beta diversity were assessed at 17 well-surveyed sites distributed among ecoregions throughout Costa Rica. The degree to which regional species diversity patterns were related to environmental variables and geographic distance was determined using Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Mantel tests. Amphibian alpha diversity was highest in lowland Pacific sites (mean = 43.3 species) and lowest at the high elevation site (9 species). Reptile alpha diversity values were high for both lowland Atlantic (mean = 69.5 species) and lowland Pacific (mean = 67 species) sites and lowest for the high elevation site (8 species). We found high species turnover between local sites and ecoregions, demonstrating the importance of beta diversity in the determination of regional diversity. For both amphibians and reptiles, beta diversity was highest between the high-elevation site and all others, and lowest among lowland sites within the same ecoregion. The effect of geographic distance on beta diversity was minor. Ecologically significant climatic variables related to rain, temperature, sunshine and insolation were found to be important determinants of local and regional diversity for both amphibians and reptiles in Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Species richness and beta diversity patterns of multiple taxa along an elevational gradient in pastured grasslands in the European Alps

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Fontana ◽  
Elia Guariento ◽  
Andreas Hilpold ◽  
Georg Niedrist ◽  
Michael Steinwandter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Diversity Patterns

Composition and diversity patterns of Eunicida and Amphinomida (Annelida) associated to dead coral in the Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1547-1555
Author(s):  
Pablo Hernández-Alcántara ◽  
Ismael Narciso Cruz-Pérez ◽  
Vivianne Solís-Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Dead Coral ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern Zone

AbstractThe present study is the first attempt to describe beta-diversity patterns in polychaetes of the Caribbean Sea, analysing depth changes in species composition of the Eunicida and Amphinomida inhabiting dead coral in Chinchorro Bank, southern Mexican Caribbean. In April 2008, dead coral fragments were collected by scuba diving in eight stations along two bathymetric gradients (4–9 m and 7–16.2 m depth); 755 individuals from 53 species of the families Amphinomidae, Dorvilleidae, Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae, Oenonidae and Onuphidae were identified. The highest number of species (32) and individuals (514) were found in the family Eunicidae. The Northern transect harboured 36 species, on average 18.75 ind. L−1, which decreased linearly with depth; the Central transect had 43 species, on average 19.01 ind. L−1, which increased at middle depths. The species inhabiting both these zones were moderately different (βsor = 0.603): 49.06% of the fauna occurred on both transects, but the components of beta-diversity, turnover and nestedness, displayed distinct patterns: in the Northern one replacement was the dominant factor (βsim = 0.3–1; βnes = 0–0.091), practically representing all faunal differences (βsor = 0.391–1); in the Central, dissimilarity due to nestedness increased (βnes = 0.031–0.829), mainly at the shallowest stations, but from 5 m depth, beta-diversity was almost completely explained by species replacement (βsim = 0.417–0.5; βnes = 0.031–0.318). Faunal differences were mostly related to higher abundances of Lysidice caribensis, Eunice goodei and Lumbrineris floridana in the Northern zone, and Lumbrineris perkinsi, Nicidion obtusa, Lysidice caribensis, Lumbrineris floridana, Lysidice unicornis and Eunice mutilata in the Central zone.

scholarly journals Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in local beta-diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Cao ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Xiangcheng Mi ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Haibao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Species Packing ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Declining Species

AbstractThe latitudinal gradient of declining species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. However, whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this global gradient of species richness remains debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in high gamma-diversity areas to inflate measures of beta-diversity. We provide here a rigorous test, comparing species-packing and local heterogeneity across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness in Asia, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling bias. Our data include 21 large forest plots across a wide environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that local beta-diversity increases with topographic heterogeneity, but after accounting for this and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate, contributing to the latitudinal gradient of species richness. This supports the hypothesis of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

scholarly journals Robust, data-driven bioregionalizations emerge from diversity concordance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian S. Montalvo-Mancheno ◽  
Jessie Buettel ◽  
Stefania Ondei ◽  
Barry W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Site Diversity

Aim: Despite the increasing interest in developing new bioregionalizations and assessing the most widely accepted biogeographic frameworks, no study to date has sought to systematically define a system of small bioregions nested within larger ones that better reflect the distribution and patterns of biodiversity. Here, we examine how an algorithmic, data-driven model of diversity patterns can lead to an ecologically interpretable hierarchy of bioregions. Location: Australia. Time period: Present. Major taxa studied: Terrestrial vertebrates and vascular plants. Methods: We compiled information on the biophysical characteristics and species occupancy of Australia′s geographic conservation units (bioregions). Then, using cluster analysis to identify groupings of bioregions representing optimal discrete-species areas, we evaluated what a hierarchical bioregionalization system would look like when based empirically on the within- and between-site diversity patterns across taxa. Within an information-analytical framework, we then assessed the degree to which the World Wildlife Fund′s (WWF) biomes and ecoregions and our suite of discrete-species areas are spatially associated and compared those results among bioregionalization scenarios. Results: Information on biodiversity patterns captured was moderate for WWF′s biomes (50–58% for birds′ beta, and plants′ alpha and beta diversity, of optimal discrete areas, respectively) and ecoregions (additional 4–25%). Our plants and vertebrate optimal areas retained more information on alpha and beta diversity across taxa, with the two algorithmically derived biogeographic scenarios sharing 86.5% of their within- and between-site diversity information. Notably, discrete-species areas for beta diversity were parsimonious with respect to those for alpha diversity. Main conclusions: Nested systems of bioregions must systematically account for the variation of species diversity across taxa if biodiversity research and conservation action are to be most effective across multiple spatial or temporal planning scales. By demonstrating an algorithmic rather than subjective method for defining bioregionalizations using species-diversity concordances, which reliably reflects the distributional patterns of multiple taxa, this work offers a valuable new tool for systematic conservation planning.

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