scholarly journals Presence of ethanol sensitive and insensitive glycine receptors in the ventral tegmental area and prefrontal cortex in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anibal Araya ◽  
Scarlet Gallegos ◽  
Rodrigo Viveros ◽  
Loreto San Martin ◽  
Braulio Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Glycine Receptors ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

scholarly journals Characterization of orexin input to dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex and shell of nucleus accumbens

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Kalló ◽  
Azar Omrani ◽  
Frank J. Meye ◽  
Han de Jong ◽  
Zsolt Liposits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Shell Part

AbstractOrexin neurons are involved in homeostatic regulatory processes, including arousal and feeding, and provide a major input from the hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain. VTA neurons are a central hub processing reward and motivation and target the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the shell part of nucleus accumbens (NAcs). We investigated whether subpopulations of dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA projecting either to the mPFC or the medial division of shell part of nucleus accumbens (mNAcs) receive differential input from orexin neurons and whether orexin exerts differential electrophysiological effects upon these cells. VTA neurons projecting to the mPFC or the mNAcs were traced retrogradely by Cav2-Cre virus and identified by expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that a higher proportion of all orexin-innervated DA neurons projected to the mNAcs (34.5%) than to the mPFC (5.2%). Of all sampled VTA neurons projecting either to the mPFC or mNAcs, the dopaminergic (68.3 vs. 79.6%) and orexin-innervated DA neurons (68.9 vs. 64.4%) represented the major phenotype. Whole-cell current clamp recordings were obtained from fluorescently labeled neurons in slices during baseline periods and bath application of orexin A. Orexin similarly increased the firing rate of VTA dopamine neurons projecting to mNAcs (1.99 ± 0.61 Hz to 2.53 ± 0.72 Hz) and mPFC (0.40 ± 0.22 Hz to 1.45 ± 0.56 Hz). Thus, the hypothalamic orexin system targets mNAcs and to a lesser extent mPFC-projecting dopaminergic neurons of the VTA and exerts facilitatory effects on both clusters of dopamine neurons.

Theta-burst modulation of mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex affects salience coding in the human ventral tegmental area

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ulrich ◽  
Sabrina Lorenz ◽  
Markus W. Spitzer ◽  
Leon Steigleder ◽  
Thomas Kammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Theta Burst
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