scholarly journals Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 (21) ◽  
pp. 4975-4989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyfrig A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Toxicology ◽  
Chloroquine Poisoning ◽  
Toxicology Assessment

The role of toxicology assessment in transfusion medicine

Transfusion ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic Ciaravino ◽  
Tim McCullough ◽  
George Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Transfusion Medicine ◽  
Toxicology Assessment

Role of toxicology assessment in poisoning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Ethylene Glycol Poisoning ◽  
Salicylate Poisoning ◽  
Theophylline Poisoning ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Toxicology Assessment

Diagnosis of acute poisoning is based on history, symptoms, biomedical investigations, toxicological analyses, and sometimes therapeutic tests. Toxicological analytical methods are now widely available. A qualitative or semiquantitative analysis of the parent compound may be adequate for diagnostic assessment. A quantitative analysis is mandatory for kinetic studies. For instance, in ethylene glycol poisoning, analysis of ethylene glycol concentrations is useful for the diagnosis, but glycolate concentrations are more relevant for the evaluation of the severity and prognosis. Groups of symptoms (or toxidromes) may provide diagnostic clues for toxins that are not usually included in routine screening. The management of the poisoned patient is mostly supportive, but toxicological quantitative analyses are mandatory for some treatments, e.g. alkaline diuresis in salicylate poisoning, repeated activated charcoal in theophylline poisoning, haemodialysis, ethanol in ethylene glycol poisoning, or the use of chelating agents.

scholarly journals Toxicology research for precautionary decision-making and the role of Human & Experimental Toxicology

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Toxic Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Experimental Toxicology ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Research Findings

A key aim of toxicology is the prevention of adverse effects due to toxic hazards. Therefore, the dissemination of toxicology research findings must confront two important challenges: one being the lack of information on the vast majority of potentially toxic industrial chemicals and the other being the strict criteria for scientific proof usually required for decision-making in regard to prevention. The present study ascertains the coverage of environmental chemicals in four volumes of Human & Experimental Toxicology and the presentation and interpretation of research findings in published articles. Links in SciFinder showed that the 530 articles published in four selected volumes between 1984 and 2014 primarily dealt with metals (126 links) and other toxicants that have received substantial attention in the past. Thirteen compounds identified by US authorities in 2006 as high-priority substances, for which toxicology documentation is badly needed, were not covered in the journal issues at all. When reviewing published articles, reliance on p values was standard, and non-significant findings were often called ‘negative.’ This tradition may contribute to the perceived need to extend existing research on toxic hazards that have already been well characterized. Several sources of bias towards the null hypothesis can affect toxicology research, but are generally not considered, thus adding to the current inclination to avoid false positive findings. In this regard, toxicology is particularly prone to bias because of the known paucity of false positives and, in particular, the existence of a vast number of toxic hazards which by default are considered innocuous due to lack of documentation. The Precautionary Principle could inspire decision-making on the basis of incomplete documentation and should stimulate a change in toxicology traditions and in toxicology research publication.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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