scholarly journals Ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment increase brain levels of CYP2D in African green monkeys

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (12) ◽  
pp. 3077-3088 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Miller ◽  
S Miksys ◽  
E Hoffmann ◽  
R F Tyndale
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Green Monkeys

Ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment induce brain levels of CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 in African green monkeys

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine S. Ferguson ◽  
Sharon Miksys ◽  
Roberta M. Palmour ◽  
Rachel F. Tyndale
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Brain Levels ◽  
Green Monkeys

Peri-Response Pharmacokinetics of Remifentanil during a Self-Administration Session Indicates That Neither Blood nor Brain Levels Are Titrated

2006 ◽  
Vol 1074 (1) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A CRESPO ◽  
L. V PANLILIO ◽  
C. W SCHINDLER ◽  
K. STURM ◽  
A. SARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Brain Levels

A therapeutic combination of metyrapone and oxazepam increases brain levels of GABA-active neurosteroids and decreases cocaine self-administration in male rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Schmoutz ◽  
Glenn F. Guerin ◽  
Scott P. Runyon ◽  
Suraj Dhungana ◽  
Nicholas E. Goeders
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Brain Levels

scholarly journals Prolonging the Reduction of Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats by Coadministering Chronic Nicotine With Amitifadine, a Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor With CYP2B6 Inhibitory Actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D Levin ◽  
Corinne Wells ◽  
Susan Slade ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Anthony A McKinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Chronic Nicotine

Abstract Introduction Existing treatments can aid tobacco smoking cessation, but they have low efficacy. Because there is a network of neural systems involved in tobacco addiction, combination treatments may provide greater efficacy. Chronic nicotine and amitifadine have each been shown to significantly reduce nicotine self-administration in rats. This study was conducted to determine if the combination of chronic nicotine with amitifadine, a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor with CYP2B inhibitory effects, would reduce nicotine self-administration to a greater extent than either alone or placebo. Methods This study tested the combination of nicotine plus amitifadine in young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats self-administering nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion). This combination was compared with each treatment alone and the vehicle during continuing nicotine self-administration as well as during resumption of self-administration after a week of enforced abstinence, modeling a quit attempt. Finally, we studied the residual effects of these therapies after discontinuation of treatment. Results Treatment with either chronic nicotine or amitifadine alone significantly reduced nicotine self-administration relative to controls. The combination of the treatments significantly enhanced this effect. After treatment withdrawal, all of the groups showed increases in nicotine self-administration, but only the combined treatment group remained significantly below control rates of nicotine self-administration. Conclusions This study showed the promise of amitifadine as a possible new treatment for smoking cessation and suggested that amitifadine is more effective when given with chronic nicotine. The improved efficacy of the amitifadine and nicotine combination may be potentiated by amitifadine’s inhibitory effects on CYP2B, which slows nicotine metabolism. Implications This study replicated the effects that chronic nicotine or chronic amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, significantly reduces nicotine self-administration in rats. It extends those findings by showing that the combination of chronic nicotine plus amitifadine causes significantly greater reduction in nicotine self-administration than either drug treatment alone. The combination of chronic amitifadine and chronic nicotine also causes a persistent significant reduction in nicotine self-administration after the end of treatment. The amitifadine and nicotine treatment should be assessed in humans to determine whether this combination provides greater efficacy in smoking cessation than transdermal nicotine treatment alone.

Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Gunter F. Thomas ◽  
M. David Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

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