scholarly journals Impact of α‐synuclein spreading on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway depends on the onset of the pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanfan Sun ◽  
Armando G. Salinas ◽  
Severin Filser ◽  
Sonja Blumenstock ◽  
Jose Medina‐Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8060
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Hoi-Hung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Symptomatic Management ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Neurological Movement Disorder ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurological movement disorder resulting primarily from damage to and degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. The pathway consists of neural populations in the substantia nigra that project to the striatum of the brain where they release dopamine. Diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of impaired motor features such as asymmetric or unilateral resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Nonmotor features including cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction are also present. No cure for PD has been discovered, and treatment strategies focus on symptomatic management through restoration of dopaminergic activity. However, proposed cell replacement therapies are promising because midbrain dopaminergic neurons have been shown to restore dopaminergic neurotransmission and functionally rescue the dopamine-depleted striatum. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in PD and discuss the development of new therapeutic strategies that have led to the initiation of exploratory clinical trials. We focus on the applications of stem cells for the treatment of PD and discuss how stem cell research has contributed to an understanding of PD, predicted the efficacy of novel neuroprotective therapeutics, and highlighted what we believe to be the critical areas for future research.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation Mitigates Cerebrovascular Leakage Induced by the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel ◽  
Martin ◽  
Stone ◽  
Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used to model Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it specifically damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Recent studies in mice have, however, provided evidence that MPTP also compromises the integrity of the brain’s vasculature. Photobiomodulation (PBM), the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity red light, mitigates MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but whether PBM also mitigates MPTP-induced damage to the cerebrovasculature has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize the time course of cerebrovascular disruption following MPTP exposure and to determine whether PBM can mitigate this disruption. Young adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 80 mg/kg MPTP or isotonic saline and perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-labelled albumin at various time points post-injection. By 7 days post-injection, there was substantial and significant leakage of FITC-labelled albumin into both the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; p < 0.0001) and the caudate-putamen complex (CPu; p ≤ 0.0003); this leakage partly subsided by 14 days post-injection. Mice that were injected with MPTP and treated with daily transcranial PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 min/day), commencing 24 hours after MPTP injection, showed significantly less leakage of FITC-labelled albumin in both the SNc (p < 0.0001) and CPu (p = 0.0003) than sham-treated MPTP mice, with levels of leakage that were not significantly different from saline-injected controls. In summary, this study confirms that MPTP damages the brain’s vasculature, delineates the time course of leakage induced by MPTP out to 14 days post-injection, and provides the first direct evidence that PBM can mitigate this leakage. These findings provide new understanding of the use of the MPTP mouse model as an experimental tool and highlight the potential of PBM as a therapeutic tool for reducing vascular dysfunction in neurological conditions.

scholarly journals Trophic Restoration of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway in Long-Term Carotid Body-Grafted Parkinsonian Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Toledo-Aral ◽  
Simón Méndez-Ferrer ◽  
Ricardo Pardal ◽  
Miriam Echevarrı́a ◽  
José López-Barneo
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

Parkinson’s disease: Is there a role for dietary and herbal supplements?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olakunle J. Onaolapo ◽  
Ademola O. Odeniyi ◽  
Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway

: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of the neurons of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of the brain. The pharmacological cornerstone of PD management is mainly the use of dopamine precursors, dopamine receptor agonists, and agents that inhibit biochemical degradation of dopamine. While these drugs initially relief symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients, progression of the underlying pathological processes such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (which have been strongly associated with PD and other neurodegenerative disorders) eventually reduces their benefits; making further benefits now only achievable at high doses which amplify the magnitude and frequency of side-effects. Also, while it is becoming obvious that mainstream pharmacological agents may not always provide the much-needed answer, the question remains what succour can nature provide through dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal remedies? This narrative review examines current literature for evidence of the possible roles (if any) of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal remedies in the prevention or management of PD, by examining how these compounds could modulate key factors and pathways that are crucial to the pathogenesis and/or progression of PD. The likely limitations of this approach and its possible future roles in PD prevention and management are also considered.

scholarly journals Correction: 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium Stereotactic Infusion Completely and Specifically Ablated the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway in Rhesus Macaque

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0147094
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Lei ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Baihui Huang ◽  
Joshua Rizak ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway
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