scholarly journals Cell type‐specific structural plasticity of the ciliary transition zone in C. elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. Akella ◽  
Malan Silva ◽  
Natalia S. Morsci ◽  
Ken C. Nguyen ◽  
William J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals Cell type-specific structural plasticity of the ciliary transition zone in C. elegans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi S. Akella ◽  
Malan Silva ◽  
Natalia S. Morsci ◽  
Ken C. Nguyen ◽  
William J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Sensory Cilia ◽  
Cell Type Specific

AbstractBackground informationThe current consensus on cilia development posits that the ciliary transition zone (TZ) is formed via extension of nine centrosomal microtubules. In this model, TZ structure remains unchanged in microtubule number throughout the cilium life cycle. This model does not however explain structural variations of TZ structure seen in nature, and could also lend itself to the misinterpretation that deviations from nine-doublet microtubule ultrastructure represent an abnormal phenotype. Thus, a better understanding of events that occur at the TZ in vivo during metazoan development is required.ResultsTo address this issue, we characterized ultrastructure of two types of sensory cilia in developing Caenorhabditis elegans. We discovered that, in cephalic male (CEM) and inner labial quadrant (IL2Q) sensory neurons, ciliary TZs are structurally plastic and remodel from one structure to another during animal larval development. The number of microtubules doublets forming the TZ can be increased or decreased over time, depending on cilia type. Both cases result in structural TZ intermediates different from TZ in adult cilia. In CEM cilia, axonemal extension and maturation occurs concurrently with TZ structural maturation.Conclusions and SignificanceOur work extends the current model to include the structural plasticity of metazoan transition zone, which can be structurally delayed, maintained or remodeled in cell type-specific manner.

scholarly journals Cell-Type Specific Responses to DNA Replication Stress in Early C. elegans Embryos

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Stevens ◽  
Ashley B. Williams ◽  
W. Matthew Michael
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dna Replication Stress ◽  
Cell Type Specific

scholarly journals Integrins Have Cell-Type-Specific Roles in the Development of Motor Neuron Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyn Oliver ◽  
Emily Norman ◽  
Heather Bates ◽  
Rachel Avard ◽  
Monika Rettler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Two Phases

Formation of the nervous system requires a complex series of events including proper extension and guidance of neuronal axons and dendrites. Here we investigate the requirement for integrins, a class of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, in regulating these processes across classes of C. elegans motor neurons. We show α integrin/ina-1 is expressed by both GABAergic and cholinergic motor neurons. Despite this, our analysis of hypomorphic ina-1(gm144) mutants indicates preferential involvement of α integrin/ina-1 in GABAergic commissural development, without obvious involvement in cholinergic commissural development. The defects in GABAergic commissures of ina-1(gm144) mutants included both premature termination and guidance errors and were reversed by expression of wild type ina-1 under control of the native ina-1 promoter. Our results also show that α integrin/ina-1 is important for proper outgrowth and guidance of commissures from both embryonic and post-embryonic born GABAergic motor neurons, indicating an ongoing requirement for integrin through two phases of GABAergic neuron development. Our findings provide insights into neuron-specific roles for integrin that would not be predicted based solely upon expression analysis.

scholarly journals Cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Fung ◽  
Leigh Wexler ◽  
Maxwell G. Heiman
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cell ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Glial Function ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTGlia shape the development and function of the C. elegans nervous system, especially its sense organs and central neuropil (nerve ring). Cell-type-specific promoters allow investigators to label or manipulate individual glial cell types, and therefore provide a key tool for deciphering glial function. In this technical resource, we compare the specificity, brightness, and consistency of cell-type-specific promoters for C. elegans glia. We identify a set of promoters for the study of seven glial cell types (F16F9.3, amphid and phasmid sheath glia; F11C7.2, amphid sheath glia only; grl-2, amphid and phasmid socket glia; hlh-17, cephalic (CEP) sheath glia; and grl-18, inner labial (IL) socket glia) as well as a pan-glial promoter (mir-228). We compare these promoters to promoters that are expressed more variably in combinations of glial cell types (delm-1 and itx-1). We note that the expression of some promoters depends on external conditions or the internal state of the organism, such as developmental stage, suggesting glial plasticity. Finally, we demonstrate an approach for prospectively identifying cell-type-specific glial promoters using existing single-cell sequencing data, and we use this approach to identify two novel promoters specific to IL socket glia (col-53 and col-177).

A Single-copy Knock In Translating Ribosome ImmunoPrecipitation (SKI TRIP) tool kit for tissue specific profiling of actively translated mRNAs in C. elegans.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Wester ◽  
Anne Lanjuin ◽  
Emanuel H W Bruckisch ◽  
Maria C Perez Matos ◽  
Caroline Heintz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) methods have emerged as a powerful approach to profile actively translated transcripts in specific cell and tissue types. Epitope tagged ribosomal subunits are expressed in defined cell populations and used to pull down ribosomes and their associated mRNAs, providing a snapshot of cell type-specific translation occurring in that space and time. Current TRAP toolkits available to the C. elegans community have been built using multi-copy arrays, randomly integrated in the genome. Here we introduce a Single-copy Knock In Translating Ribosome ImmunoPrecipitation (SKI TRIP) tool kit, a collection of C. elegans strains engineered by CRISPR in which tissue specific expression of FLAG tagged ribosomal subunit protein RPL-22 is driven by cassettes present in single copy from defined sites in the genome. In depth characterization of the SKI TRIP strains and methodology shows that 3xFLAG tagged RPL-22 expressed from its endogenous locus or within defined cell types incorporates into actively translating ribosomes and can be used to efficiently and cleanly pull-down cell type specific transcripts without impacting overall mRNA translation or fitness of the animal. We propose SKI TRIP use for the study of processes that are acutely sensitive to changes in translation, such as aging.

scholarly journals Mks6 mutations reveal tissue‐ and cell type‐specific roles for the cilia transition zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1440-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Lewis ◽  
Katie L. Bales ◽  
Dustin Z. Revell ◽  
Mandy J. Croyle ◽  
Staci E. Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific
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